Using Resources Flashcards
What’s happened to our use of natural resources a population has increased
Humans now rely on agriculture
What does chemistry play a role in improving agricultural and industrial processes for
Allowing new products to be developed contributing towards sustainable development
Potable water is…
Water that’s good quality and safe to drink
Fresh water contains…
Low levels of dissolved salts
Potable water process
- Fresh water collected
- Passed through a filter bed to remove solid particle
- Chlorine gas added to kill microorganisms
- Fluorine added to reduce tooth decay
Process of seawater becoming safe to drink
Desalinated by distillation or reverse osmosis (expensive)
What has to be removed from waste water
Organic matter, harmful microorganisms and toxic chemicals
Sewage water treatment process:
1 screening and grit removed
2 sedimentation to produce sludge and effluent
3 anaerobic respiration of sludge
4 aerobic biological treatment or effluent
What makes copper a useful metal
- good conductor of electricity and heat
- malleable but hard enough for water pipes
- doesn’t react with water
How can copper be obtained (3ways)
Smelting, electrolysis and displacement
What is phytomining
Plants grow and absorb copper and when burnt the ash contains copper
What is bioleaching
Bacteria solution mixed with copper ore and bacteria converts copper into solution called leachate solution where copper can be easily extracted
What do we use earths resources for
Shelter, food, warmth and transport
What is agriculture
Farming
What does sustainable mean
Meeting our needs without compromising the needs of future generations
Equation for the corrosion of iron
Iron + water + oxygen ——> hydrated iron oxide
What two things cause corrosion of metals
Oxygen and water
How to prevent corrosion
- sacrificial method
- painting/ greasing
- galvanising
What is galvanising
A layer of zinc over metal
What is the sacrificial method
More reactive metal placed in contact with the metal
Name three ceramics
- bricks
- pottery
- glass
Name two types of glass
Soda like glass and borosilicate
Give two examples of a composite material
Concert and fibre glass
What makes up a composite
A reinforcement and the matrix
What does the the life cycle assessment take into account
- extracting the raw mats
- manufacturing of product
- packaging and transportation
- use
- disposal
What is the life cycle assessment
Assess the environments impact a product has in its lifetime
Why do materials need to be reused and recycled
To save money and energy
Make sure not used up
Reduce amounts of waste produced
Reduce environmental damage
What is the haber process
Manufacturing of amino using hydrogen and nitrogen
What are the two main materials used in the haber process
Hydrogen and nitrogen
How is ammonia made from hydrogen and nitrogen
Both nitrogen and hydrogen are passed over an IRON CATALYST and the amount is then put in a condenser to cool and turn into a liquid, the untracked hydrogen and nitrogen is recycled
What temp is used for haber process
450
What pressure haber process
200
What does increasing the pressure of haber process do
Increases rate of reaction but dangerous
What would a higher temp do to haber process
Faster reaction but low yield and would shift the equilibrium to the reactants
Is the haber process endo or exo
Exothermic
What three elements make up NPK fertilisers
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
What do NPK fertilisers do
Increase essential elements and nutrients in the soil, increase agriculture
Pros of formulated fertilisers vs manure
- not as complex
- can be customised
- better availability
- odourless
What does phosphorus rock and nitric acid produce
Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate
Wha does phosphorus rock and sukfuric acid produce
Single superphosphate
Why does phosphate rock and phosphoric acid produce
Tripe superphosphate
