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Chemistry C1-C6 revision > Using resources > Flashcards

Using resources Flashcards

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1
Q

We use resources on the earth to provide what?

A

Warm, shelter, food and transport.

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2
Q

Where does Natural rubber come from?

A

Sap of a tree

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3
Q

Where is Synthetic rubber produced?

A

it is produced using crude oil.

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4
Q

What is a Renewable resource?

A

Reform at a similar rate to, or faster than we use them. (renewable resources will never run out)

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5
Q

Name 2 examples of Renewable resources.

A

Wood

Timber

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6
Q

What is a finite resource?

A

Are not formed quickly enough to be considered replaceable.

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7
Q

Name 3 examples of Finite resources?

A

Fossil fuels
Nuclear fuels
Metal

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8
Q

What finite resources can be used to make Clothing?

A

Fibers made from crude oil ( nylon, polyester)

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9
Q

What Renewable resources can be used to make clothing?

A

Natural fibres from plants ( cotton) or animals (wool)

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10
Q

What finite resources can be used to make shelter/ buildings?

A

Stone, sand clay bricks, cement

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11
Q

What Renewable resources can be used to make shelter/ buildings

A

Timber (wood) from trees.

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12
Q

What finite resources are used to make electricity?

A

Coal, oil and gas.

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13
Q

What renewable resources are used to make electricity?

A

Bio-fuels from plants, wind sunlight and waves

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14
Q

What finite resources are used to make fuel?

A

Petrol from crude oil

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15
Q

What renewable resources are used to make fuel?

A

Electricity from solar/wind

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16
Q

Why is mining ores bad?

A

it is bad for the environment as it uses loads of energy, scars the landscape, produces lots of waste and destroys habitats.

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17
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

It is development that takes the account of the needs of present society while not damaging the lives of future generations.

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18
Q

What does sustainable mean?

A

able to be maintained at a certain level over a long period of time.

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19
Q

Give an example of how chemistry is improving sustainability.

A

chemists have developed catalysts that reduce the amount of energy required for certain industrial processes.

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20
Q

Is copper a renewable of finite resource?

A

Finite

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21
Q

Where are metals extracted from?

A

Metal ores

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22
Q

What is the difference between low grade and high grade ores?

A

High grade ores have a high percentage of metal init but these are running out but low grade ores have a do not a lot of the metal init.

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23
Q

What are the 2 methods of extracting copper from low grade ores?

A

Bioleaching

Phytomining

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24
Q

Suggest one environmental problem that is caused by open-cast mining of copper ore.

A

Destruction of habitats

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25
Q

What is Phytomining?

A

Plants are grown on land containing the metal compound that we want. The plants cannot use or get rid of the copper so it gradually builds up in the leaves. The plants can be harvested, dried and burned in a furnance. The ash contains soluble copper compounds from which copper can be extracted by electrolysis

26
Q

What is Bioleaching?

A

Bacteria is mixed with the low grade ore. The bacteria carry out reactions and they produce a solution called laechate. The leachate contains the metal compound we want. We can use electrolysis or displacement.

27
Q

How can we displace the metal from the the copper compound?

A

We can use iron this is because iron is more than copper, we usually use scrap iron because it is cheap.

28
Q

Suggest two ways that society can come over the problem that copper is running out?

A

Use low grade ores

Use other materials in replace of copper.

29
Q

Why is it better to use Bioleaching and phytomining instead of Traditional mining?

A

As traditional mining is very damaging to environment, these new methods have much a smaller impact but they are slow.

30
Q

In terms of energy why is mining and Extracting bad?

A

It takes lots of energy, which most of which comes from burning fossil fuels.

31
Q

How can we reduce our need for raw materials?

A

Reusing or recycling

32
Q

Why is Reusing or recycling good ?

A

this will help to save limited resources and energy, also reduce the amount of waste we produce and have less harmful effect on the environment.

33
Q

When metals are recycled what can be done to them?

A

You can melt them and then cast them into the shape of different products

34
Q

What is the problem of recycling metals?

A

Metals usually need to be recycled to be separated before being recycled.

35
Q

What is a blast furnace?

A

is used to extract iron from its ore at high temperature using carbon

36
Q

What is the Life cycle assessment?

A

It attempts to put a number on the environmental impact of a product.

37
Q

What is stage 1 of a life cycle assessment?

A

Getting the raw materials. Extracting raw materials needed for a product can damage environment. Also it requires a large amount of energy when the material needs to be processed.

38
Q

What is the stage 2 of the life cycle assessment?

A

Manufacture and Packaging, manufacturing products and their packaging uses lots of energy and cause pollution such as Carbon monoxide. Waste can be produced with the chemical reactions used to make compounds.

39
Q

What is stage 3 of the life cycle assessment?

A

Using the product. The product can damage the environment e.g burning fuels releases greenhouse gases.

40
Q

What is stage 4 of the life cycle assessment?

A

Product disposal. Products are often disposed of in landfill sities, taking up space and pollute the land and water. Energy is also used to transport waste to landfills.

41
Q

How are Plastic bags produced compared to Paper bags?

A

Chemicals from crude oil, whereas paper bags are made from wood from trees.

42
Q

What happens at the manufacturing stage of the plastic bag and paper bag?

A

Both wood and crude oil need to be chemically processed, in both cases this requires a large amount of energy and releases waste products.Making paper also requires huge amounts of water.

43
Q

What happens at the Using the product stage for Plastic and paper bags?

A

Plastic bags are strong and can be reused and can be used for other things such as bin liners whereas paper bags are not strong and used only once.

44
Q

What happens at the Product disposal stage of the plastic bags and paper bags?

A

At the end of their lives both plastic bags and paper bags have to be transported either for recycling or landfills. Plastic bags are a main form of litter Paper bags are biodegradable and can be recycled.

45
Q

What are Plastic bags?

A

Non-biodegradable not broken down by microorganisms.

46
Q

What is a problem of the LCA?

A

It takes into account of values of a person carrying out the assessment, meaning that the LCAs can be biased.

47
Q

What is Potable water?

A

It is water that is safe to drink.

48
Q

Is Potable water pure?

A

No as pure water only contains H20 molecules whereas potable water can contain lots of other dissolved substances.

49
Q

What does rain water provide?

A

Most of our potable water as it has low levels of dissolved substances.

50
Q

How do we produce potable water?

A

1) We first choose a good source of fresh water e.g, River
2) We then pass the water through filter beds, this is to remove materials such as leaves
3) Finally the water is sterilized to kill microbes. The uk uses Chlorine to sterilize potable water or ozone or ultraviolet light.

51
Q

In some countries the only available water is seawater which is salty to drink, how can potable water be produced from salty water?

A

Through desalination which reduces the levels of dissolved minerals in the sea water to an acceptable level for potable water.

52
Q

What is the method to test the purity of a sample of water in a lab using distillation?

A

1) First test the pH of the water using pH meter. If pH too high or too low neutralise it add acid or add alkali.
2) Set up equipment for distillation.
3) As the water in the flask heats up, it evaporates and turn into steam in condenser
4) Collect the water running out of the condenser in a beaker.
5) Retest the pH of the water with a pH meter to check its neutral
6) you can tell if there is salts in your initial sample by looking to see whether crystals have formed in the flask.

53
Q

What is another way that seawater can be treated?

A

By reverse osomosis

54
Q

How does Reverse osmosis work?

A

The salty water is passed through a membrane that only allows water molecules to pass through, Ions and larger molecules are trapped by the membrane.

55
Q

What is the problem with both Distillation and reverse osmosis?

A

Both processes require very large amounts of energy which makes them expensive.

56
Q

What is seawater treatment?

A

is the process of removing organic matter, microbes and chemicals from wastewater.

57
Q

What is the process of sewage water treatment?

A

1) screening and grit removal
2) sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent
3) anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
4) aerobic biological treatment of effluent

58
Q

Explain why it is more difficult to produce drinking water from waste water than from water in lakes.

A

the water needs more processes because it contains more organic matter and more microbes

59
Q

Clean drinking water is important for health. In the UK water from reservoirs goes through a series of steps before it is safe to drink. What are the two mains steps used to treat water from reservoirs?

A

1) Filter to remove solids

2) Add chlorine to reduce the amount of microbes or kill it.

60
Q

a) Pure water can be produced by distillation.

Why is distillation not usually an economic method of treating water for drinking?

A

Uses a lot of energy, there for higher cost.

61
Q

How could the water be tested to show it is pure?

Give the expected result of the test for pure water.

A

Find the boiling point it should be at a fixed temperature of 100°C . if it is impure it will boil at a temperature higher than 100°C [1

Chemistry C1-C6 revision (14 decks)

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