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Chemistry C1-C6 revision > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Crude oil?

A

It is a oily mixture made up of different Hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What are Hydrocarbons?

A

A compound made up of Hydrogen and Carbon atoms only.

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3
Q

Alkanes are a type of what?

A

Hydrocarbon

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4
Q

What is the main feature of Alkanes?

A

They have a single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms

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5
Q

Because Alkanes have a single covalent bond between carbon atoms what does it mean?

A

They are saturated

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6
Q

What is the General formula of Alkanes?

A

Cn + H2n+2

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7
Q

How many carbon atoms does Methane have?

A

1

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8
Q

How many carbon atoms does Propane have?

A

3

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9
Q

How many carbon atoms does Betane have?

A

4

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10
Q

How many carbon atoms does Ethane have?

A

2

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11
Q

What are Saturated Compounds?

A

they only have single bonds

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12
Q

What is Incomplete combustion?

A

is a combustion reaction in which there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely.

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13
Q

What is Incomplete combustion?

A

Is a combustion reaction in which there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely.

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14
Q

What is Complete combustion?

A

is when a fuel burns completely in excess oxygen to produce Carbon dioxide + Water.

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15
Q

What is the reaction of Complete combustion of Hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen – Carbon dioxide + Water

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16
Q

What is the reaction of Incomplete combustion of Hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen – Carbon monoxide + Water

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17
Q

Name 5 symptoms of Carbon Monoxide?

A 
Blurred vision
Weakness
Dizziness 
Vomiting
Shortness of breath
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18
Q

What is the smell of Carbon monoxide?

A

It is Odourless

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19
Q

What is the color of Carbon monoxide?

A

Colourless

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20
Q

What is Viscosity of a liquid?

A

It is how runny a liquid is which affects how quickly it flows

21
Q

A liquid with low viscosity means what?

A

Runny

22
Q

A more viscous liquid means what?

A

Less runny

23
Q

The shorter the Hydrocarbon means what in terms of Viscosity?

A

The more runny the Hydrocarbon is.

24
Q

What are Intermolecular forces?

A

The forces between the individual molecules of a substance which are weak.

25
Q

What is a Covalent bond?

A

The bonds between atoms within a molecule which are very strong.

26
Q

Do shorter chain Hydrocarbons have high or low boiling points

A

Lower boiling points

27
Q

Why do shorter chain Hydrocarbons have lower boiling points?

A

because they are a shorter molecule meaning their are fewer intermolecular forces between each molecule meaning less heat energy is needed to overcome the forces

28
Q

Why do longer chain Hydrocarbons have higher boiling points?

A

because they are a longer molecule meaning their are more intermolecular forces between each molecule meaning more heat energy is needed to overcome these forces

29
Q

What state is Ethane at room temperature?

A

Gas

30
Q

What state is Hexane at room temperature?

A

Liquid

31
Q

What is Crude oil separated by?

A

Fractional distillation

32
Q

How does Fractional distillation work?

A

1) The Oil is heated at the bottom of the column it till it is turned mostly into a gas
2) It gets cooler as you go to the top
3) The longer Hydrocarbons have high boiling points so they condense back to a liquid and drain out the column early on when they are near the bottom.
4) The shorter Hydrocarbons have lower boiling points so they condense and drain out much later on near the top of the column where its cooler.
5) Then the oil is separated into different fractions having similar properties.

33
Q

Name in order from Coolest to the hottest uses of fuels that is produced from crude oil in Fractional distillation.

A 
Petrol
Kerosene
Disel oil
Heavy fuel oil
Bitumen
34
Q

What does flammable mean?

A

easy to set on fire

35
Q

The shorter the Hydrocarbon what does it mean in terms of flammability?

A

More flammable

36
Q

The longer the Hydrocarbon what does it mean in terms of flammability?

A

less flammable

37
Q

Name 2 problems with separated crude oil.

A

Short chain hydrocarbons are flammable meaning they make good fuels
Long chained hydrocarbons are not useful

38
Q

What is Cracking?

A

Splitting up Long chain hydrocarbons to make them useful

39
Q

What does Cracking involve?

A

1) Heat the long chain hydrocarbons to vapourise them(turn into gas)
2) Then the vapour is passed over a hot powered aluminium oxide catalyst.
3) The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the speaks of the catalyst.

40
Q

What are long chain Hydrocarbons used for?

A

Polymers(Plastics)

41
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

They have at least one carbon to carbon double bond .

42
Q

What are Alkenes?

A

They are unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one carbon to carbon double bond .

43
Q

What are Alkanes?

A

They are saturated hydrocarbons that have at least one carbon-carbon single bond so no more hydrogen atoms can be added

44
Q

Are alkenes more reactive than Alkanes?

A

Yes

45
Q

What is the test for Alkenes?

A

Bromine water, alkenes will decolourise bromine water alkanes do not.

46
Q

What type of reaction is Cracking?

A

Thermal decomposition reaction

47
Q

What is Thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking molecules down by heating

48
Q

Name two methods of cracking.

A 
Catalytic cracking ( we use heat and a catalyst)
Steam cracking (we use heat and steam)

Chemistry C1-C6 revision (14 decks)

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