Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is Crude oil?

Answer 1

It is a oily mixture made up of different Hydrocarbons

Question 2

What are Hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

A compound made up of Hydrogen and Carbon atoms only.

Question 3

Alkanes are a type of what?

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon

Question 4

What is the main feature of Alkanes?

Answer 4

They have a single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 5

Because Alkanes have a single covalent bond between carbon atoms what does it mean?

Answer 5

They are saturated

Question 6

What is the General formula of Alkanes?

Answer 6

Cn + H2n+2

Question 7

How many carbon atoms does Methane have?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

How many carbon atoms does Propane have?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

How many carbon atoms does Betane have?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

How many carbon atoms does Ethane have?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

What are Saturated Compounds?

Answer 11

they only have single bonds

Question 12

What is Incomplete combustion?

Answer 12

is a combustion reaction in which there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely.

Question 13

What is Incomplete combustion?

Answer 13

Is a combustion reaction in which there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely.

Question 14

What is Complete combustion?

Answer 14

is when a fuel burns completely in excess oxygen to produce Carbon dioxide + Water.

Question 15

What is the reaction of Complete combustion of Hydrocarbons?

Answer 15

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen – Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 16

What is the reaction of Incomplete combustion of Hydrocarbons?

Answer 16

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen – Carbon monoxide + Water

Question 17

Name 5 symptoms of Carbon Monoxide?

Answer 17

Blurred vision
Weakness
Dizziness 
Vomiting
Shortness of breath

Question 18

What is the smell of Carbon monoxide?

Answer 18

It is Odourless

Question 19

What is the color of Carbon monoxide?

Answer 19

Colourless

Question 20

What is Viscosity of a liquid?

Answer 20

It is how runny a liquid is which affects how quickly it flows

Question 21

A liquid with low viscosity means what?

Answer 21

Runny

Question 22

A more viscous liquid means what?

Answer 22

Less runny

Question 23

The shorter the Hydrocarbon means what in terms of Viscosity?

Answer 23

The more runny the Hydrocarbon is.

Question 24

What are Intermolecular forces?

Answer 24

The forces between the individual molecules of a substance which are weak.

Question 25

What is a Covalent bond?

Answer 25

The bonds between atoms within a molecule which are very strong.

Question 26

Do shorter chain Hydrocarbons have high or low boiling points

Answer 26

Lower boiling points

Question 27

Why do shorter chain Hydrocarbons have lower boiling points?

Answer 27

because they are a shorter molecule meaning their are fewer intermolecular forces between each molecule meaning less heat energy is needed to overcome the forces

Question 28

Why do longer chain Hydrocarbons have higher boiling points?

Answer 28

because they are a longer molecule meaning their are more intermolecular forces between each molecule meaning more heat energy is needed to overcome these forces

Question 29

What state is Ethane at room temperature?

Answer 29

Gas

Question 30

What state is Hexane at room temperature?

Answer 30

Liquid

Question 31

What is Crude oil separated by?

Answer 31

Fractional distillation

Question 32

How does Fractional distillation work?

Answer 32

1) The Oil is heated at the bottom of the column it till it is turned mostly into a gas 2) It gets cooler as you go to the top 3) The longer Hydrocarbons have high boiling points so they condense back to a liquid and drain out the column early on when they are near the bottom. 4) The shorter Hydrocarbons have lower boiling points so they condense and drain out much later on near the top of the column where its cooler. 5) Then the oil is separated into different fractions having similar properties.

Question 33

Name in order from Coolest to the hottest uses of fuels that is produced from crude oil in Fractional distillation.

Answer 33

``` Petrol Kerosene Disel oil Heavy fuel oil Bitumen ```

Question 34

What does flammable mean?

Answer 34

easy to set on fire

Question 35

The shorter the Hydrocarbon what does it mean in terms of flammability?

Answer 35

More flammable

Question 36

The longer the Hydrocarbon what does it mean in terms of flammability?

Answer 36

less flammable

Question 37

Name 2 problems with separated crude oil.

Answer 37

Short chain hydrocarbons are flammable meaning they make good fuels Long chained hydrocarbons are not useful

Question 38

What is Cracking?

Answer 38

Splitting up Long chain hydrocarbons to make them useful

Question 39

What does Cracking involve?

Answer 39

1) Heat the long chain hydrocarbons to vapourise them(turn into gas) 2) Then the vapour is passed over a hot powered aluminium oxide catalyst. 3) The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the speaks of the catalyst.

Question 40

What are long chain Hydrocarbons used for?

Answer 40

Polymers(Plastics)

Question 41

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 41

They have at least one carbon to carbon double bond .

Question 42

What are Alkenes?

Answer 42

They are unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one carbon to carbon double bond .

Question 43

What are Alkanes?

Answer 43

They are saturated hydrocarbons that have at least one carbon-carbon single bond so no more hydrogen atoms can be added

Question 44

Are alkenes more reactive than Alkanes?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

What is the test for Alkenes?

Answer 45

Bromine water, alkenes will decolourise bromine water alkanes do not.

Question 46

What type of reaction is Cracking?

Answer 46

Thermal decomposition reaction

Question 47

What is Thermal decomposition?

Answer 47

Breaking molecules down by heating

Question 48

Name two methods of cracking.

Answer 48

``` Catalytic cracking ( we use heat and a catalyst) Steam cracking (we use heat and steam) ```