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Chemistry - Paper 2 > Using resources > Flashcards

Using resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what do we use earths resources for

A

warmth, shelter, food, fuel, transport

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2
Q

what are some examples of natural resources

A

cotton, wool, timber

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3
Q

what are some example of synthetic resources

A

plastic, polyester, acrylic

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4
Q

what is a finite resource

A

a resource that will eventually run out

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5
Q

what is sustainable development

A

development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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6
Q

what are the 4 main types of water

A

pure water, salt water, fresh water, potable water

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7
Q

what is potable water

A

water that is safe to drink

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8
Q

in the UK how is potable water extracted from fresh water

A

filtration and sterilisation

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9
Q

what is sterilisation

A

killing microbes

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10
Q

what are 3 examples of sterilising agents

A

chlorine gas, UV light and ozone

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11
Q

how can potable water be produced from salt water

A

desalination

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12
Q

how can desalination be carried out

A

distillation or reverse osmosis

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13
Q

what are the 3 main types of waste water

A

sewage, agricultural waste, industrial waste

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14
Q

what can waste water contain

A

organic matter, harmful microbes, harmful chemicals

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15
Q

what is the first step in processing waste water

A

screening and grit removal

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16
Q

what is sedimentation

A

separating the waste water into sludge and effluent

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17
Q

how is sludge treated

A

anaerobic respiration

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18
Q

how is effluent treated

A

aerobic respiration

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19
Q

what is phytomining

A

using plants to extract copper

20
Q

what is bioleaching

A

using bacteria to extract copper

21
Q

what is a life cycle assessment

A

a way of assessing the energy costs and environmental effect of a product across its lifetime

22
Q

what are 4 stages of a life cycle assessments

A
  • extracting and processing raw materials
  • manufacturing and packaging
  • use and operation during its lifetime
  • disposal at the end of its useful life
23
Q

how can we reduce the amount of new materials manufactured

A

by reducing, reusing or recycling products

24
Q

in what ways can materials that are not recycled by disposed

A

landfill or incineration

25
Q

what is corrosion

A

the destruction of a material through reactions with substances in the environment

26
Q

that physical barriers be used to protect against corrosion

A

grease, paint, a thin layer of metal

27
Q

what is sacrificial protection

A

adding a more reactive metal to the surface of a material

28
Q

how is rust formed

A

reaction between iron, water, and oxygen

29
Q

what are 2 alloys of copper

A

brass and bronze

30
Q

what are gold alloys in jewellery made from

A

gold with copper, zinc, and silver

31
Q

what are steel alloys made from

A

iron, carbon and other metals

32
Q

what is a property of aluminium alloys

A

generally have low densities

33
Q

what is the main difference between soda lime and borosilicate glass

A

borosilicate glass has a much higher melting point

34
Q

give 2 examples of clay ceramics

A

pottery and bricks

35
Q

what 2 things do the properties of polymers depend on

A

monomers and the conditions under which they are formed

36
Q

what is the main difference between thermosetting and thermosoftening polymers

A

thermosetting polymers do not soften when heated, thermosoftening polymers do

37
Q

what is a composite

A

a mixture of a matrix and reinforcements

38
Q

name 2 composites

A

plywood and reinforced concrete

39
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for the Haber process

A

N2 + 2H2 (reversible sign) 2NH3

40
Q

what is ammonia used for

A

fertilisers

41
Q

what is the effect of increasing the temp of the Haber process on the yield, rate and cost

A

decrease yield, increase rate, increase cost

42
Q

what is the effect of increasing the pressure of the Haber process on the yield, rate and cost

A

increase yield, increase rate, increase cost

43
Q

what catalyst do we use for the Haber process

A

iron

44
Q

what are the conditions for the Haber process

A

450C, 200 atm, iron catalyst

45
Q

what is an NPK fertiliser

A

a formulation containing soluble compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

Chemistry - Paper 2 (5 decks)

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