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Chemistry > Using Resources- 10 > Flashcards

Using Resources- 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A substance, either element or compound, that is not mixed with any other substance

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2
Q

Pure substances have…

A

Specific melting and boiling points

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3
Q

What does paper chromatography do?

A

It allows us to separate substances based on their different solubilities

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4
Q

Chromatography paper set up

A

Draw line in pencil on the paper (stationary phase)- dot of colour goes on the line. Put the paper in a solvent (mobile phase) under the line (not submerging the dots.

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5
Q

What will pure compounds form in paper chromatography

A

One single spot

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6
Q

What will compounds in a mixture form in paper chromatography

A

Multiple spots

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7
Q

Why do you draw the line in pencil?

A

So that the ink doesn’t also move up the page

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8
Q

How to find Rf Values paper chromatography?

A

distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent

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9
Q

How to test for hydrogen

A

We insert a burning splint when the hydrogen gas burns and produces a pop sound

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10
Q

How to test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint will relight

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11
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide

A

Bubble through limewater (aqueous calcium hydroxide) and turns cloudy

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12
Q

How to test for chlorine

A

Insert damp litmus paper into the test tube, and bleaches it

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13
Q

What flame does lithium ion produce

A

Crimson

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14
Q

What flame does sodium ion produce

A

Yellow

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15
Q

What flame does potassium ion produce

A

Lilac

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16
Q

What flame does calcium ion produce

A

Orange-red

17
Q

What flame does copper ion produce

A

Green

18
Q

What colour precipitate do calcium, magnesium and aluminium form when combined with sodium hydroxide

A

White

19
Q

How do you work out which white precipitate is aluminium?

A

Add an excess of NaOH

20
Q

What colour do copper 2+ ions turn when reacted with sodium hydroxide

A

Blue- copper (II) hydroxide

21
Q

What colour do Iron 2+ ions turn when reacted with sodium hydroxide

A

Green- iron (II) hydroxide

22
Q

What colour do Iron 3+ ions turn when reacted with sodium hydroxide

A

Brown-red- Iron (III) hydroxide

23
Q

How to test for a carbonate ion

A

Add dilute acid to the sample
The acid will react with the carbonate to make CO2 gas
Bubble the gas through limewater to make sure that we have carbon dioxide and therefore started with a carbonate ion

23
Q

How to test for halide ions

A

Add dilute nitric acid
Then add dilute silver nitrate solution
Halides each produce a precipitate of the silver halide

24
Q

What colour do chloride ions produce?

A

White- silver chloride

25
Q

What colour precipitate do bromide ions produce?

A

Cream- silver bromide

26
Q

What colour precipitate do iodide ions produce?

A

Yellow- silver iodide

27
Q

How to test for sulfate ions

A

Add dilute HCL to our sample
Add barium chloride solution
If sulfate ions are present, we will see a white precipitate

28
Q

What is the solvent front in chromatography

A

The top of the solvent

29
Q

What is potable water

A

Water that’s safe to drink

30
Q

Criteria for potable water

A

Level of dissolved substances need to be fairly low
pH between 6.5-8.5
No microorganisms in it

31
Q

How to make water potable

A

Fresh water passed through wire mesh to remove big things
Bed of sand and gravel to filter out smaller bits
Sterilise by bubbling chlorine gas through/using ozone or UV light

32
Q

How to desalinate water

A

Use distillation to get pure distilled water
Reverse osmosis- pass salty water through a membrane that only lets water molecules through

33
Q

Sources of wastewater

A

Domestic
Agricultural systems
Industrial

34
Q

How to treat sewage

A

Run through mesh to remove large objects
‘Sedimentation’ allows for sludge to sink to the bottom and the lighter effluent to stay at the top
Breakdown organic matter biologically by microorganisms

Chemistry (3 decks)

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