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P3 - Physics > Using Physics To Make Things Work > Flashcards

Using Physics To Make Things Work Flashcards

1
Q

What does the moment of force measure?

A

A measure of the Turing effect of the force in an object

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2
Q

What can a moment also be called?

A

Turing effect

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3
Q

How can you increase the moment of force?

A

Increase the force

Increase the distance

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4
Q

What is another word for a pivot?

A

Fulcrum

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5
Q

What is the equation for finding the moment?

A

Force * perpendicular distance

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6
Q

What are moments measured in?

A

N/m

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7
Q

When using a ruler to determine the direction what do use you use as the direction?

A

Force

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8
Q

When all sides are equal where are the centre of masses?

A

In the centre of the object

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9
Q

Where is the centre of mass in a symmetrical body?

A

Along the axis of symmetry

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10
Q

When in equilibrium, where is the centre of mass for a suspended object?

A

From the point of suspension vertically down

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11
Q

If a bus has a low centre of mass is it stable or unstable?

A

Stable

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12
Q

If a bus has a high centre of mass is it stable or unstable?

A

Unstable

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13
Q

Why might a bus have a low centre of mass in a double decker bus?

A

The passengers might be sitting downstairs

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14
Q

Why might a double decker bus have a high centre of mass?

A

With passengers upstairs only

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15
Q

Would a bus with a low centre of mass and wide base be stable?

A

Stable

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16
Q

Why might an object tip over?

A

Because the centre of mass moves beyond the edge of its base

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17
Q

What do the most stable objects have?

A

A wide base and a low centre of mass

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18
Q

How can you make a simple pendulum?

A

By suspending a weight from a price of string

When you pull it back and let go it will swing back and forth

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19
Q

What is the time period of a pendulum?

A

The time it takes to swing from one side to the other

This is always the same

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20
Q

How can time period be calculated?

A

1/frequency

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21
Q

What does the time period of a pendulum depend on?

A

The length

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22
Q

The longer the pendulum the…?

A

Longer the time period

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23
Q

How could an object be designed to be stable eg a Bunsen burner?

A

Have a wide heavy base to give it a low centre of mass

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24
Q

Why should spanners be used at right angles?

A

Any less than a right angle means a smaller movement because the perpendicular distance between the line of action and the pivot is smaller

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25
Why is using a longer spanner better?
Because the same force can exert a larger moment because the distance from the pivot is greater
26
If an object is freely suspended where will the centre of mass be?
Directly below the point of suspension
27
What is centripetal force?
Force directed towards the centre of the circle Depending on mass speed and radius
28
Why would a pendulum stop swinging?
Friction
29
What would stop a playground swing from moving if not pushed?
Air resistance
30
Why wouldn't an object topple over?
The line of action lies inside the object | So there is no resultant moment
31
What two things affect stability in an object?
Cebtre of mass lower | Base wider
32
Why does refraction happen?
Change in density
33
Explain how you know where the centre of mass is?
Where the mass seems to be concentrated
34
How can you tell where to mark the centre of mass?
Where the mass is most concentrated
35
Why are the wires in the coils of transformers insulated?
Prevents short circuiting Ensure current flows Prevent current from entering the core
36
Why is the core of a transformer made of iron?
Can be magnetised because it's magnetic
37
Why does refraction take place?
Change in density (medium) | Change in speed of light
38
How can you tell from a diagram a sound is the same note?
Same pitch
39
Where is the centre of mass?
Directly below the point of suspension Or Where the mass is most concentrated
40
How can visible light be sent?
Along optical fibres
41
What is the focal length determined by?
The curvature of the two surfaces of the lens | The refractive index of the material from which the lens is made
42
What is an endoscope used for?
Internal imaging
43
What is the unit of frequency?
Hz
44
What provides centripetal force?
Friction Tension Gravitational force
45
What is the unit of moments?
Nm
46
Properties of liquid (in terms of hydraulics)
Virtually incompressible | Pressure in a liquid is transmitted equally in all directions
47
What is the unit of pressure?
Pa
48
What happens when an object moves in a circle?
It continuously accelerates towards the centre of the circle
49
What is the resultant force that causes an object to accelerate towards the centre of a circle?
The centripetal force
50
How does the centripetal force increase?
The mass of the object increases Speed of the object increases Radius of the circle decrease
51
How can different types of transformers also be used?
Mobile phone chargers | Power supplies for laptop computers
52
What happens when current flows through a wire?
A magnetic field is produced around the wire
53
How can electromagnets also be used?
For lifting iron and steel (by cranes)
54
When will a conductor not experience force?
If it is parallel to the magnetic field
55
What happens if an electrical conductor 'cuts' through a magnetic field?
A potential difference is induced across the end of the conductor
56
What happens if a magnet is moved into a coil of wire?
A potential difference is induced across the ends of the coil
57
What forces provide centripetal force?
Tension Gravity Frictions
58
How do you increase centripetal force?
Mass of object increases Speed of object increases Radius of circle decreased
59
When force is exerted at one point in a liquid what happens?
The force will be transmitted to other points in the fluid
60
Describe pressure in a liquid?
The same throughout all the liquid | Because pressure is transmitted equally through a liquid
61
Why do Pistons have a large area?
The force will be greater
62
What happens when an object moves in a circle?
Continually accelerates towards the centre of the circle
63
Do converging lens have a negative or positive power?
Positive power
64
Do diverging lens have a negative or positive power?
Negative power
65
What are in optical fibres?
Endoscopes have 2 bunches of optical fibres
66
Why is endoscoping good?
It means surgeons only have to cut small holes in operations
67
What happen when optical fibres enter glass or plastic?
They bounce waves off the sides of the inner core of glass or plastic
68
Why do endoscopes have 2 bunches?
1 bunch carries light to the area | 1 carries an image back
69
When does total internal reflection occur?
When a wave travels through a dense substance towards a less dense substance
70
Beyond the critical angle what happens?
No refraction occurs only reflection | This is called total internal reflection
71
What happens if the angle of incidence is the same as the critical angle?
The emerging Ray comes out along the surface
72
When does total internal reflection occur?
If the angle of incidence is more than the critical angle
73
What is the force someone applies called?
Effort
74
What is the line of action?
Line along which a force acts
75
Why are buses tested with tilts?
To make sure buses are safe to travel in
76
Why wouldn't something topple over?
Because the line of action of its weight acts within its wheelbase
77
Why would a high chair fall over?
If the child's weight acts outside the chair base
78
Describe the movement of a hydraulic car jack?
When the handle is pressed down Oil is forced out of a narrow cylinder and into a wider cylinder The pressure of the oil forces the piston in the wider cylinder outwards So the piston forces the pivoted lever to raise the car
79
Describe force in a hydraulic system?
The force of a hydraulic system is much greater than the force applied to it
80
How can ultrasound be used medically?
Destruction of kidney stones Clearing plaque from teeth Repairing damaged tissue

P3 - Physics (4 decks)

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