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P3 - Physics > Using Physics To Make Things Work > Flashcards

Using Physics To Make Things Work Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the moment of force measure?

A

A measure of the Turing effect of the force in an object

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2
Q

What can a moment also be called?

A

Turing effect

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3
Q

How can you increase the moment of force?

A

Increase the force

Increase the distance

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4
Q

What is another word for a pivot?

A

Fulcrum

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5
Q

What is the equation for finding the moment?

A

Force * perpendicular distance

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6
Q

What are moments measured in?

A

N/m

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7
Q

When using a ruler to determine the direction what do use you use as the direction?

A

Force

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8
Q

When all sides are equal where are the centre of masses?

A

In the centre of the object

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9
Q

Where is the centre of mass in a symmetrical body?

A

Along the axis of symmetry

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10
Q

When in equilibrium, where is the centre of mass for a suspended object?

A

From the point of suspension vertically down

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11
Q

If a bus has a low centre of mass is it stable or unstable?

A

Stable

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12
Q

If a bus has a high centre of mass is it stable or unstable?

A

Unstable

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13
Q

Why might a bus have a low centre of mass in a double decker bus?

A

The passengers might be sitting downstairs

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14
Q

Why might a double decker bus have a high centre of mass?

A

With passengers upstairs only

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15
Q

Would a bus with a low centre of mass and wide base be stable?

A

Stable

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16
Q

Why might an object tip over?

A

Because the centre of mass moves beyond the edge of its base

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17
Q

What do the most stable objects have?

A

A wide base and a low centre of mass

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18
Q

How can you make a simple pendulum?

A

By suspending a weight from a price of string

When you pull it back and let go it will swing back and forth

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19
Q

What is the time period of a pendulum?

A

The time it takes to swing from one side to the other

This is always the same

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20
Q

How can time period be calculated?

A

1/frequency

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21
Q

What does the time period of a pendulum depend on?

A

The length

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22
Q

The longer the pendulum the…?

A

Longer the time period

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23
Q

How could an object be designed to be stable eg a Bunsen burner?

A

Have a wide heavy base to give it a low centre of mass

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24
Q

Why should spanners be used at right angles?

A

Any less than a right angle means a smaller movement because the perpendicular distance between the line of action and the pivot is smaller

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25
Q

Why is using a longer spanner better?

A

Because the same force can exert a larger moment because the distance from the pivot is greater

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26
Q

If an object is freely suspended where will the centre of mass be?

A

Directly below the point of suspension

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27
Q

What is centripetal force?

A

Force directed towards the centre of the circle

Depending on mass speed and radius

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28
Q

Why would a pendulum stop swinging?

A

Friction

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29
Q

What would stop a playground swing from moving if not pushed?

A

Air resistance

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30
Q

Why wouldn’t an object topple over?

A

The line of action lies inside the object

So there is no resultant moment

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31
Q

What two things affect stability in an object?

A

Cebtre of mass lower

Base wider

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32
Q

Why does refraction happen?

A

Change in density

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33
Q

Explain how you know where the centre of mass is?

A

Where the mass seems to be concentrated

34
Q

How can you tell where to mark the centre of mass?

A

Where the mass is most concentrated

35
Q

Why are the wires in the coils of transformers insulated?

A

Prevents short circuiting
Ensure current flows
Prevent current from entering the core

36
Q

Why is the core of a transformer made of iron?

A

Can be magnetised because it’s magnetic

37
Q

Why does refraction take place?

A

Change in density (medium)

Change in speed of light

38
Q

How can you tell from a diagram a sound is the same note?

A

Same pitch

39
Q

Where is the centre of mass?

A

Directly below the point of suspension
Or
Where the mass is most concentrated

40
Q

How can visible light be sent?

A

Along optical fibres

41
Q

What is the focal length determined by?

A

The curvature of the two surfaces of the lens

The refractive index of the material from which the lens is made

42
Q

What is an endoscope used for?

A

Internal imaging

43
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hz

44
Q

What provides centripetal force?

A

Friction
Tension
Gravitational force

45
Q

What is the unit of moments?

A

Nm

46
Q

Properties of liquid (in terms of hydraulics)

A

Virtually incompressible

Pressure in a liquid is transmitted equally in all directions

47
Q

What is the unit of pressure?

A

Pa

48
Q

What happens when an object moves in a circle?

A

It continuously accelerates towards the centre of the circle

49
Q

What is the resultant force that causes an object to accelerate towards the centre of a circle?

A

The centripetal force

50
Q

How does the centripetal force increase?

A

The mass of the object increases
Speed of the object increases
Radius of the circle decrease

51
Q

How can different types of transformers also be used?

A

Mobile phone chargers

Power supplies for laptop computers

52
Q

What happens when current flows through a wire?

A

A magnetic field is produced around the wire

53
Q

How can electromagnets also be used?

A

For lifting iron and steel (by cranes)

54
Q

When will a conductor not experience force?

A

If it is parallel to the magnetic field

55
Q

What happens if an electrical conductor ‘cuts’ through a magnetic field?

A

A potential difference is induced across the end of the conductor

56
Q

What happens if a magnet is moved into a coil of wire?

A

A potential difference is induced across the ends of the coil

57
Q

What forces provide centripetal force?

A

Tension
Gravity
Frictions

58
Q

How do you increase centripetal force?

A

Mass of object increases
Speed of object increases
Radius of circle decreased

59
Q

When force is exerted at one point in a liquid what happens?

A

The force will be transmitted to other points in the fluid

60
Q

Describe pressure in a liquid?

A

The same throughout all the liquid

Because pressure is transmitted equally through a liquid

61
Q

Why do Pistons have a large area?

A

The force will be greater

62
Q

What happens when an object moves in a circle?

A

Continually accelerates towards the centre of the circle

63
Q

Do converging lens have a negative or positive power?

A

Positive power

64
Q

Do diverging lens have a negative or positive power?

A

Negative power

65
Q

What are in optical fibres?

A

Endoscopes have 2 bunches of optical fibres

66
Q

Why is endoscoping good?

A

It means surgeons only have to cut small holes in operations

67
Q

What happen when optical fibres enter glass or plastic?

A

They bounce waves off the sides of the inner core of glass or plastic

68
Q

Why do endoscopes have 2 bunches?

A

1 bunch carries light to the area

1 carries an image back

69
Q

When does total internal reflection occur?

A

When a wave travels through a dense substance towards a less dense substance

70
Q

Beyond the critical angle what happens?

A

No refraction occurs only reflection

This is called total internal reflection

71
Q

What happens if the angle of incidence is the same as the critical angle?

A

The emerging Ray comes out along the surface

72
Q

When does total internal reflection occur?

A

If the angle of incidence is more than the critical angle

73
Q

What is the force someone applies called?

A

Effort

74
Q

What is the line of action?

A

Line along which a force acts

75
Q

Why are buses tested with tilts?

A

To make sure buses are safe to travel in

76
Q

Why wouldn’t something topple over?

A

Because the line of action of its weight acts within its wheelbase

77
Q

Why would a high chair fall over?

A

If the child’s weight acts outside the chair base

78
Q

Describe the movement of a hydraulic car jack?

A

When the handle is pressed down
Oil is forced out of a narrow cylinder and into a wider cylinder
The pressure of the oil forces the piston in the wider cylinder outwards
So the piston forces the pivoted lever to raise the car

79
Q

Describe force in a hydraulic system?

A

The force of a hydraulic system is much greater than the force applied to it

80
Q

How can ultrasound be used medically?

A

Destruction of kidney stones
Clearing plaque from teeth
Repairing damaged tissue

P3 - Physics (4 decks)

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