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P3 - Physics > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

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1
Q

Iris

A

Controls how much light enters pupil

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2
Q

Pupil

A

Allows light to pass through as it enters the eye

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3
Q

Lens

A

Refracts light to focus it on to the retina

The amount of refraction an be altered by changing the thickness and curvature of the lens

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4
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

Adjust to make the shape of the lens more or less curved so light can be focuses at varying distances

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5
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

Slacken or stretch as the ciliary muscles contract or relax to adjust the thickness and curvature of the lens

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6
Q

Retina

A

Contains light receptors which cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain when light is detected

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7
Q

What causes and corrects long sight?

A

Too short eyeball
Inability to focus

Converging lens

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8
Q

What is short sight and what treats it?

A

Caused by too long an eyeball or inability to focus

Corrected by a diverging lens

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9
Q

Cornea?

A

Focuses light as it enters the eye

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10
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscles?

A

To change the shape of the lens

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11
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A

To focus the light from the object into the retina

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12
Q

What should the variables be if you want to draw a line graph?

A

Continuous

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13
Q

What does repeating tests a number of times and taking an average do?

A

Improves the reliability

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14
Q

What does the aqueous humour do?

A

Supports front of the eye

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15
Q

What is the aqueous humour?

A

Transparent watery liquid

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16
Q

What is the iris?

A

Coloured ring of muscle that controls amount of light entering eye

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17
Q

What is the retina?

A

The light sensitive cells around the eye

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18
Q

How are the ciliary muscles attached to the lens?

A

By suspensory ligaments

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19
Q

What do eye muscles do?2

A

Move the eye

In the socket

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20
Q

Why do we have a blind spot?

A

Because this is a region where no light sensitive cells are present (and so is not sensitive to light)

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21
Q

What is the vitreous humour?

A

Transparent jelly like substance that supports the back of the eye

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22
Q

What does the aqueous humour do?

A

Supports front of the eye

23
Q

What is the aqueous humour?

A

Transparent watery liquid

24
Q

What is the iris?

A

Coloured ring of muscle that controls amount of light entering eye

25
Q

What is the retina?

A

The light sensitive cells around the eye

26
Q

How are the ciliary muscles attached to the lens?

A

By suspensory ligaments

27
Q

What do eye muscles do?2

A

Move the eye

In the socket

28
Q

Why do we have a blind spot?

A

Because this is a region where no light sensitive cells are present (and so is not sensitive to light)

29
Q

What is the vitreous humour?

A

Transparent jelly like substance that supports the back of the eye

30
Q

What is the unit of lens power?

A

D

dioptre

31
Q

What causes long sight?

A

Eyeball being too short

Eye lens being unable to focus

32
Q

What causes short sight?

A

Eyeball being too long

Eye lens being unable to focus

33
Q

How is an eye similar to a camera?

A

The CCDs in a digital camera is equivalent to the retina of an eye

34
Q

Why is it advantageous to have a flatter lens?

A

The lens can be manufactured thinner

35
Q

For a given focal length, how does refractive index change the thickness of the lens?

A

The greater the refractive index the flatter the lens

36
Q

What type of lens does the eye have?

A

Variable focus converging lens

37
Q

What type of lens does the camera have?

A

Fixed converging lens

38
Q

How does the eye adjust the focus?

A

Ciliary muscles alter the lens thickness

39
Q

How does a camera adjust the focus?

A

Adjustment of lens position

40
Q

What image does an eye form?

A

Real
Inverted
Magnification less than 1

41
Q

How does the eye detect an image?

A

Light sensitive cells in the retina

42
Q

How does the camera detect an image?

A

Photographic film

Or CCD sensors in a digital camera

43
Q

How does the eye control brightness?

A

The iris controls the width of the pupil

44
Q

How does the camera control the brightness?

A

Adjustment of aperture ‘stop’

45
Q

How does a converging lens correct long sight?

A

Makes the Rays diverge less
The eye lens can then focus Ray’s on to the retina
Adds to the focusing power of the eye lens

46
Q

How can short sight be corrected by a diverging lens?

A

Counteracts some of the excess focusing power of the eye lens

47
Q

Explain short sight?

A

Image formed in front of the retina
The eyeball is too long
Eye lens is too powerful

The eye muscle can’t make the eye lens thick enough to focus the image of a far away object in the retina

48
Q

Explain long sight?

A

Image is formed behind the retina

The lens can’t be made thick enough to focus the image on the retina

49
Q

How can you manufacture a flatter and thinner lens?

A

Using a material with a higher refractive index

Because the lens surface would be less curved

50
Q

Why use a material with a high refractive index?

A

The lens can be flatter and thinner

Lens surface is less curved

51
Q

How do you see something far away?

A

Eye lens becomes thinner (via the ciliary muscles) to keep in focus
The fibres in the ciliary muscles are parallel to the circular edge of the eye lens

52
Q

How do you see something close

A

The fibres in the ciliary muscles are parallel to the circular edge of the eye lens
When they contract they shorten and squeeze the eye lens making it thicker

53
Q

Where in the eye does might enter?

A

The pupil

P3 - Physics (4 decks)

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