Uses of Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae Flashcards
What are the main steps in the cultivation of Porphyra (Nori)?
- Hatchery Phase (May-Oct):
- Production of carpospores
- Culture of conchocelis on oyster shells
- Induction of conchospores
- Settlement on nets - Sea Phase (Oct-Apr):
- Transplanting nets in the sea
- Foliose thallus growth (35 cm)
- Use of bioreactors for conchocelis
What is the typical cultivation duration for Porphyra (Nori)?
6-12 months
What are the uses of Porphyra (Nori)?
Food: Sushi wraps, snacks
Supplements: High nutritional value
Other: Phycoerythrin production
What are the optimal growth conditions for Porphyra (Nori)?
20-25°C
How is Porphyra (Nori) harvested?
Harvested from nets in the sea
What is the commercial and economic impact of Porphyra (Nori)?
Highly commercial with extensive global use in food
What are the main steps in the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?
- Natural Cycle (24 months):
- Late Autumn: Release of meiospores
- Dec-Feb: Gametophyte development
- Two Months Later: Small sporophytes (6mm)
- 1st Year: Vegetative thallus growth
- 2nd Year: Thallus growth, sporangial sori production - Forced Cultivation (11 months):
- Collection & settlement of zoospores
- Seedling production
- Growing & transplantation - Harvesting
What is the typical cultivation duration for Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?
11-24 months
What are the uses of Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?
- Food: Soups, salads, condiments
- Industrial: Alginates, mannitol, iodine
- Medicinal: Hypothyroidism treatment, antitumor and antiviral activities
What are the optimal growth conditions for Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?
not higher than 23°
How is Saccharina japonica (Kombu) harvested?
Harvested by tearing from the substrate or from ropes
What is the commercial and economic impact of Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?
Largest production in China with significant industrial applications
What are the main steps in the cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?
- Natural Cycle (Annual):
- Late Oct-Nov: Gametophyte stage
- Winter: Fertilization & sporophyte development
- Spring: Spore production, sporophyte death
2.Cultivation (Annual):
- Gametophyte production in hatcheries
- Sporophyte growth
- Harvesting based on temperature
What is the typical cultivation duration for Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?
6-12 months
What are the uses of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?
- Food: Salads, soups, snacks
- Supplements: High nutritional value
- Medicinal: Skin, hair, nails health, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases
What are the optimal growth conditions for Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?
Optimal temperature 5-15°C
How is Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) harvested?
Harvested based on seawater temperature to prevent rotting
What is the commercial and economic impact of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?
- Major production in Korea, significant health supplement market
- hihghly oportunistic, can result in alterations of other ecosystem if it “escapes”
What are the main steps in the cultivation of Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?
Natural Collection:
- Harvested from the sea
- Growth in cold waters (<16°C)
What is the typical cultivation duration for Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?
varies, depending on region
What are the uses of Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?
Food: Direct consumption by local populations
Nutritional: High protein, vitamins, and minerals
What are the optimal growth conditions for Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?
Cold waters, less than 16°C
How is Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp) harvested?
collected rom natural populations
What are the historical uses of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) in Japan and China?
In Japan, it has been used as food and in China as a remedy for goitre (hypothyroidism).
When did the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) start in China, and why?
It started in 1951 to meet the increasing demand and reduce the life cycle from 2 years to 1 year.
What is the native region of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), and how long has it been used as food in Japan?
Native to the Japanese seas and has been used as food for over 700 years.
How did the cultivation methods for Porphyra (Nori) improve after Kathleen Drew Baker’s discovery?
The discovery allowed for more controlled and systematic cultivation methods, using bioreactors and improved hatchery techniques, resulting in more consistent production.
When did the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) start in China, and why?
It started in 1951 to meet the increasing demand and reduce the life cycle from 2 years to 1 year.
How has the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) improved over time?
Through the use of forced cultivation techniques, zoospore collection, seedling production in greenhouses, and controlled growing conditions, the cultivation period was reduced to 11 months.
What improvements have been made in the cultivation methods for Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?
Cultivation methods now include controlled gametophyte production in hatcheries, optimized sporophyte growth, and temperature-based harvesting to prevent rotting.
