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Chemistry 1 > Uses of Oil > Flashcards

Uses of Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is cracking done?

A

Long-chain hydrocarbons aren’t as useful as smaller molecules.

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2
Q

What is cracking?

A

Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons into shorter alkane molecules and an alkene.

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3
Q

What kind of reaction is cracking?

A

Thermal decomposition.

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4
Q

How is cracking done?

A
  1. Vaporise hydrocarbon

2. Pass it over a powdered catalyst at about 400C-700C

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5
Q

What is the catalyst used in cracking?

A

Aluminium oxide.

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6
Q

What is an alkene?

A

A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond.

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7
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated?

A

They can make more bonds by opening up the double bond.

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8
Q

What are the test and result for an alkene?

A

Adding bromine water decolourises it.

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9
Q

Why is bromine water decolorised by an alkene?

A

The double bond has opened up to form bonds with the bromine.

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10
Q

What are the two methods of ethanol production?

A
  1. Hydration

2. Fermentation

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11
Q

How is hydration done?

A

Ethene is hydrated with steam in the presence of a catalyst.

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12
Q

Why is hydration a cheap process?

A
  1. Ethene is fairly cheap

2. Not much waste

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13
Q

What is the problem with hydration?

A

Ethene is non-renewable and will become expensive

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14
Q

What is the equation for fermentation?

A

Sugar –> Carbon dioxide + ethanol

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15
Q

What are the advantages of fermentation?

A
  1. Lower temperature
  2. Simpler equipment
  3. Renewable resource
  4. Cheap fuel for countries without oil
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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of fermentation?

A
  1. Not very concentrated - needs distillation

2. Needs purification

17
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

Joining together lots of small alkene molecules to form very large molecules.

18
Q

What are small alkene molecules also known as?

A

Monomers.

19
Q

What are the conditions for polymerisation?

A
  1. Pressure

2. Catalyst

20
Q

What do the properties of a polymer depend on?

A
  1. Material
  2. Temperature
  3. Pressure
21
Q

What kind of polymers are used to make plastic bags?

A

Low density polyethene.

22
Q

Give an example of a smart material.

A

Memory foam - gets softer as it heats up.

23
Q

Why is it difficult to get rid of polymers?

A

Non-biodegradable - don’t rot.

24
Q

Why will polymers get more expensive?

A

Crude oil resources are being used up.

25
Q

What ought we to do with polymers?

A

Reuse them as much as possible, then recycle them.

Chemistry 1 (4 decks)

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