Use of ICT Flashcards
1
Q
Advantages of Computer aided design (CAD) (3)
A
- Design process quicker and more accurate due to editing and developing files rather than drawing by hand
- Can collaborate with global offices easier and faster through sending CAD files
- Can send CAD files to CAM machines to produce models or protoypes
2
Q
Disadvantages of computer aided design (CAD) (2)
A
- Expensive set up costs due to hardware and software and the required training
- Software requires ongoing technical support as well as regular updates
3
Q
Use of CAD for drawings (3)
A
- Can create high quality presentation designs through photo-realistic rendering
- Client and market feedback is possible through photo realistic rendering
- Ideas can be developed quicker than physical models - it can be scanned into CAD software for further digital development
4
Q
Features of CAD in industrial applications (3)
A
- Can incorporate standard component files such as electronics and hydraulics in designs
- 2D working drawings with multiple ‘layers’ show various element of a design such as the structure, wiring and casing
- CAD/CAM simulations that can executed to anticipate matching strategies and problems
5
Q
Define computer aided design
A
Involves using computers to design and develop products
6
Q
Define computer aided manufacture (CAM)
A
Using computer-controlled equipment to machine materials
7
Q
How is CAM used to manufacture products? (2)
A
- CAD files are downloaded to CNC machines for cutting and shaping materials
- The machine generates a control program to suit the material being machined
8
Q
What are the different CAM processes? (5)
A
- CNC laser cutting
- CNC routing
- CNC milling
- CNC turning
- CNC plotter cutting
9
Q
How is virtual modelling used in industry prior to product production? (3)
A
- Can simulate a product’s performance before its manufactured
- Virtual mechanical design can be checked for fit and clearance e.g car engines
- Production system planning is possible before investing in new equipment - can check for any machining issues or errors
10
Q
Example of virtual modelling
A
The optimised layout of all elements of a car production system including FMS cells, conveyors, workstations, robots, AGVs etc
11
Q
Examples of simulations (2)
A
- The cutting path of a CNC laser
* A series of turning tools creating a profile for a part being made on a CNC lathe
12
Q
What is a CAD/CAM simulation?
A
Is a computer ‘run-through’ of a CAM process which can be viewed by the designer, who also receives appropriate reports on its success
13
Q
Advantages of CAD/CAM simulations (4)
A
- Highlights potential problems and shows if the production will be as expected
- Indicates how long the item will take to be machined
- Facilitates ‘nesting’ of multiple parts to reduce wastage of sheet material
- 3D printer models’ appearance and support material requirements can be assessed
14
Q
Define computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
A
Is the virtual testing of products in liquid or gases, using CAD-based software
15
Q
Importance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (4)
A
- Vehicle drag (wind resistance) can be tested in a simulated wind tunnel
- Test results can then inform aerodynamics improvements
- Marine crafts use a simulated wave tank for similar purposes
- Designers save time and money that is normally required for physical testing
16
Q
Define finite element analysis (FEA)
A
Virtual testing compounds and product to identify stress or weak points
17
Q
Importance of finite element analysis (FEA) (4)
A
- Allows designers to simulate forces, vibration or shock loads on products or components
- Weak points are highlighted, usually using an easily identified colour-coded scale
- Money and time can be saved as designs can be optimised by modifying and re-testing
- Static and dynamic testing is useful for many products, such as bicycle frames and cars
18
Q
What are Rapid prototyping processes? (2)
A
- Involve the use of machines to produce realistic 3D models from CAD files
- The models can be made in a range of materials, which are usually a type of polymer
19
Q
Benefits of rapid prototyping to designers and manufacturers (4)
A
- It is a fast process, as 3D modelling needs minimal human input
- Modelling was previously highly skilled, expensive and time consuming
- Rapid prototypes can serve as moulds for casting and making production dies
- Designs can be realistically sprayed and decorated for appraisal by designers and potential customers
20
Q
What is electronic point of sale (EPOS)?
A
Is a computer system using barcodes and other devices to monitor product sales
21
Q
Feature of electronic point of sales (4)
A
- Stock levels and the triggering of stock reordering are facilitated in retail and wholesale
- Systems collect sales data and customer details for use by marketing departments
- The product life cycle status of products can be established to indicate when extension strategies or replacement might be appropriate
- Customers’ email addresses and loyalty cards facilitate additional marketing opportunities
22
Q
How can EPOS be used for maintenance of stock levels? (3)
A
- Many items have barcodes and when they are scanned at the till the details of the sale are recorded
- ‘limits’ can be set so that replacement stock will be reordered from distributors when a certain number have been sold
- As distributors remove stock from warehousing, replacement products will be reordered electronically from the manufacturers
23
Q
How can EPOS be used to capture customer data? (2)
A
- Systems collect sales and customer details for use by marketing department
- Customers’ email addresses and loyalty cards facilitate additional marketing opportunities - addresses can be acquired by emailing customer receipts
24
Q
Importance of Production, planning and control networking
A
Is vital to ensure the flow of materials and components required to manufacture products on a global scale and particularly to operate a JIT system
25
How are computers used in PPC (production, planning and control) networking (3)
* Plan and control production
* Organise the availability of materials and components
* Co-ordinate suppliers and customers
26
Define master production schedule (MPS)
Is a software-based system to organise and schedule product manufacture
27
Availability of materials - PPC networking (6)
* Triggers and co-ordinates order to materials suppliers and controls stock inventory
* JIT production requires suppliers of materials and components to deliver stock only when it is needed
* To facilitate a JIT system the flow of materials and components through a factory must be carefully controlled using a ‘kanban’ for reordering components
* Many of the Kanban cards that were once used have now been replaced by barcodes labels, RFID tags and scanned linked to MOS software
* In the car industry parts are often delivered to where they are needed by overhead gantries and conveyors at the precise time needed
* As cars are assembled their progress is tracked using a telemetry device such as RFID linked to the MPS computer
28
Scheduling of machines and people - PPC networking (3)
* Planning production schedules and timings
* Networking with departments such as personnel to ensure the appropriate availability of suitably skilled labour
* Automatic reconfiguration of manufacturing plants to facilitate QRM and the re-programming of FMS cells to facilitate for example, switching between different car models to suit JIT orders
29
Co-ordinating suppliers and customers
Links to EPOS for automatic transmission of JIT manufacturing requirements
30
3D printing as an example of rapid prototyping (3)
* Used for one-off production of bespoke items such as jewellery e.g 3D printed patterns for casting moulds
* 3D printing of metals can produce highly complex bespoke engineering components that would be impossible to make in any other way and have no potentially weak joints - titanium, stainless steel and aluminium parts can be made with metal 3D printers
* Custom Made prosthetics, joints, bone replacements can be 3D printed in titanium
31
Rapid prototyping processes (3)
* Fused filament fabrication (FFF) (or FDM)
* Stereolithography (SLA)
* Selective laser sintering (SLS)
32
What is Stereolithography (SLA)?
a laser scans a bath of photosensitive resin, solidifying the cross section of the design before moving on to the next layer, it is beneficial in the production of metals as the parts produced through this process can be used to make master patterns for metal casting
33
What is / what happens in selective laser sintering?
A laser is used to sinter metal particles layer by layer to build up the required form
34
What is / what happens in fused filament fabrication (e,g FFF, FDM and 3D printing) (2)
* A 3D CAD file is ‘sliced’ in layers that is extruded to build the product layer by layer
* Uses a very thin thermoplastic filament and sometimes an additional support material to build the model
35
Benefits of CNC Milling
* Milling machines are more robust than routers with slower speeds to suit metal casting
* Tools can be automatically selected to drill holes, cut slots and shape complex surfaces and edges
* These machines are usually totally enclosed to improve safety
* Coolant improves tool life and quality of finish by providing lubrications and reducing heat
* CNC milling machines operate much more quickly, accurately and with greater endurance than human operators, needing to stop for only essential maintenance
