Material Properties Flashcards
Examples of working characteristics (physical properties) (11)
- Tensile strength
- Toughness
- Plasticity
- Malleability
- Shearing strength
- Bending strength
- Elasticity
- Hardness
- Compressive strength
- Torsional strength
- Ductility
Tensile strength
The ability to resist stretching and pulling forces (tension)
Toughness
The ability to absorb impact without fracture
Plasticity
The ability to be permanently deformed and retain the deformed shape
Malleability
The ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking
Shearing strength
The ability to resist forces on a parallel plane
Bending strength
The ability to resist the forces that may bend the material
Elasticity
The ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when force is removed
Hardness
The ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting
Compressive strength
The ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces (compression)
Torsional strength
The ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion
Ductility
The ability to be drawn out under tension reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking
Variables of methods for investing and testing materials (7)
- Size of material sample being tested
- Environmental conditions
- Testing equipment
- Force applied
- Method of force application
- Position of force application
- Individual taking measurements
Toughness testing (3)
- This test establishes how much impact force the material can absorb
- Materials are clamped into a vice and each sample then hit with the same force, using a hammer
- Tough materials will absorb the force but brittle materials may bend or even shatter
Tensile testing (3)
- Is tested by clamping material samples of the same length and thickness into a vice and applying a load force such as weights to the unclamped end
- shows how the material deflects under load and/or how much load each material can bear with the least deflection
- The less deflection the more tensile strength the material has
Hardness testing (3)
- A fully supported material with a dot punch placed onto the material surface
- The dot punch is then hit with the hammer using the same force for each material sample
- The smaller the indent the harder the material
Malleability and ductility testing (2)
- Test piece is secured in a vice and is then bent to 90°
- Cracks or surface damage on the inside of the bend indicates lack of malleability
Corrosion testing (3)
- Determines the rate of corrosion for a material when exposed to environmental effect such as rain or sun
- Material samples are placed outside to be exposed to the weather and left for a certain length of time
- Visually inspected surface corrosion
Electrical Conductivity testing (3)
- mark a set distance between two ends of the material sample
- the distance is the probe for each probe of the multimeter
- place the probes on the distance marks and get the resistance on the multimeter the higher the resistance the lower the conductivity
Thermal conductivity testing (4)
- Measure a set distance from one end of the material on which to place the thermometer
- A Bunsen burner is then lit on the end of the material
- Record the time it takes to reach the set point at the other end of the sample
- the shorter the time it takes to reach the set temperature, the higher the thermal conductivity
