Use of Health Services Flashcards
Why is seeking health care important?
Treatment success
Degree of procedure used
Survival
What happens to woman to delay seeking help with breast cancer?
Increased mortality
What factors affect utilisation of health services?
Differences in symptom perception
Influence of prior experience
Individual health beliefs and ideas held
Cost-benefit evaluation of seeking medical attention
Social and emotional factors
Quality of relationship with doctor
What factors affect symptom perception?
Features of symptoms
Variation
Competing environmental stimuli
Psychosocial influences
Socio-cultural differences
What are the different features of symptoms?
Intensity/severity
Familiarity
Duration and frequency
Difficulty in perceiving symptoms
What are the different individual variations in regards to symptom perception?
How quickly a physical experience is noticed
Number/intensity of sensations experienced
Amount of attention paid to internal states
Describe competing environmental stimuli?
Extent of attention paid to internal stimuli at any given time influence by nature of environment stimuli present
What are some psychosocial influences?
Cognition
Mass psychogenic illness
Combined roles of cognitive social and emotional forces
How does socio-cultural differences effect symptom perception?
Differences in awareness of, attention to symptoms
What is an individual’s response to a symptoms dependent on?
Their prior experiences
Individual’s experienced based knowledge
“Lay referral”
What is lay referral?
E.g Gill had a rash you should get it checked out
What are health beliefs and ideas?
The development of ideas and expectations about a disease and using this information to construct a common sense model for different illnesses
What can common sense models be used for?
Acquire meaning
Predict outcomes
Control changing behaviour
What is the Health Belief Model?
Model where symptoms initiate a decision-making process about seeking medical care
What was the HBM designed with?
Perceive susceptibility
Perceived severity of the illness
Cost of carrying out the behaviour
Benefit of the behaviour
Cues to action
Self-efficacy
What is perceived threat of a disease influenced by according the HBM?
Cues to action
Perceived susceptibility
Age, sex, ethnicity, personality etc
Which patients would delay seeking medical care?
Symptom aware but belief that cancer cannot be treated effectively or cured
E.g of cues to action?
Posters
Leaflets
Campaigns
What are some social factors influencing use of health services?
Sex-role stereotypes
Environmental factors and access
Family income
Sanctioning- social trigger
What are some emotional factors that influence the use of health services?
Emotional reactions to symptoms
Anxiety and fear
Fear of serious diagnosis
Expectation/fear of pain in investigation
Embarrassment
Belief in treatment
Sense of control over events
What effects the quality of relationship with the Doctor?
Negative previous experiences
Beliefs and attitudes of health professional
Trust
Confidentiality
Discrimination
Communication skills
Who would use the health service?
Age- infants and very young children, elderly
Gender- woman vs men
Chronic regular user- asthma
Acute irregular user- broken arm from holiday
What are the three stages to treatment delay?
Appraisal delay
Illness delay
Utilisation delay
What is appraisal delay?
The time a person takes to interpret a symptoms
What is illness delay?
Do I need to seek medical care
What is utilisation delay?
How to get medical care. transport etc
