Use of Force Flashcards
__________- physically evasive movements or behaviors to defeat an officer’s attempt at control, including bracing, tensing, pushing, or verbally signaling an intention to avoid or prevent being taken into or retained in custody
Active Resistance
_____________- the amount of force reasonably calculated to cause death or serious bodily injury
Deadly force
___________- any execution of a physical act to control a person, overcome resistance and/or defend oneself or another. Force may entail the use of body parts, issued departmental equipment, or an instrument of neccesity
Force
True or False: The routine use of handcuffs or similar restraining devices used to ensure officer safety is considered use of force
False
___________________- present peril or jeopardy, such that action must be taken either instantly or without any considerable loss of time
Immediate danger
__________- immediate death, such as is apparent, present, and/or immediate and must be dealt with instantly
Imminent death
______________- an item at hand or in close proximity that can be used immediately without delay (flashlight, clipboard)
Instrument of necessity
_____________- both a belief and the existence of facts that would persuade a reasonable officer on the scene to that belief
Reasonable belief
______________- physical injury that creates a substantial risk of death or causes permanent or protracted serious disfigurement, loss of the function of any bodily member or organ, or the impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ
Serious Physical Injury
_______________- use of force (excluding firearm discharges) which causes injury to an individual
Substantial force
True or False: officers are trained to use only the force necessary to accomplish their lawful duties
True
True or False: Officers using force resulting in an injury will render first aid when safe to do so
True
Officers will immediately notify the ______________ when a use of force incident occurs.
Shift commander of precinct
Will a use of force (form 253) be completed if a officer discharges their firearm at a subject/suspect?
No
True or False: A use of force (form 253) will be completed when a department canine intentionally bites or purposefully inflicts injury to an individual the canine team intended to seize
True
True or False: When completing a form 253 (use of force) a written narrative detailing the use of force actions and justification will be completed on the incident report or incident supplement, and not in the statement of charges
True
If a use of force results in death the _____________ will notify the:
- HMPU
- FSS
- Precinct commander or members commander
- 911 police liasion
- IAD
- legal section
Shift commander
_______________ determines if any violations of department policy or procedure has occurred and initiates a form 258, statement of incident, if the use of force appears to be in violation of department policy
Members commander
If use of force results in a substantial injury, the ________________ determines if the member should continue present duty status or be placed in a non-line function and when the member will return to regular duty
Member’s commander
If use of force results in death the member’s commander will place the member in a non-line function and refer the member to the appropriate ___________.
Psychological services caregiver
Once referred to a psychological services caregiver, a member will only return to regular duty, when deemed appropriate, after the member obtains a _____________ for the psychological services caregiver.
Release
The __________ section ensures that the mandates of this department and the MPTSC will be followed for the courses of instruction, and met by each member in order to use any department-issued weapon.
Training section
The ___________ section maintains a record of members who are qualified with authorized department weapons and establishes courses of instruction
Training
The _________ maintains statistics on use of force incidents and advises the chief of police of those statistics
IAD
The ______________ is authorized to initiate investigations concerning the use of force by department members and reviews all use of force incident reports
IAD
The ____________ determines which section or unit within the CIB will complete the criminal investigation, when a criminal investigation is required in reference to a use of force that did not involve the discharge of a departmental firearm
Bureau chief of CIB
The __________ section will be responsible for training officers in the proper application of the use of force continuum.
Training
True or False: Officer safety is paramount and officers are not required to confront and adversary without having an advantage. Officer need the ability to disengage or escalate to a higher force option, to escape injury and/or maintain control
True
True or False: Officers are not required to start at the lowest level of the force continuum.
True
The officers goal in any use of force situation is two fold:
1. Self-protection, the protection of other officers and the public
2.
- To control a person through arrest, seizure, custody or detention
The officer’s goal in any use of force situation is ___________.
Two-fold
Certain factors and circumstances surrounding a confrontation (officer vs. subject) will impact the use of force decision. Specific factors/circumstances include, but are not limited to: (list 4)
- Differences in age, gender, size, fitness or skill level
- The presence of multiple subjects
- The proximity of a weapon
- Disability or injury to the officer
___________ -directives and/or commands that tell the subject what action is required for compliance. Verbalization should continue throughout the incident when reasonable.
Verbal Tactics
______________- comprises hands-on contact techniques which may be used for escort, guidance, restraint, compliance holds or strikes
Physical tactics
The ___________ is commonly associated with firearms, but is not limited to such weapons. It may include other less lethal weapons, issued equipment, hands/feet, or any instrument of necessity such as a flashlight or any object at hand.
Use of deadly force
____________ may be applied in immediate danger situations, where present peril or jeopardy exists and the officer has a reasonable belief that action must be taken instantly or without considerable delay.
Deadly force
The determining factor in a deadly force decision is not the crime being committed, but the _____________ being used, along with the immediate potential for death or serious bodily injury to the officer or innocent bystanders/victims.
Level of force
Authorized restraining devices include handcuffs and list 4 others
Flex cuffs, belly belts, leg irons and leg bars
Will, if practical, handcuff the individual in the following manner:
1. Approach the individual from the rear side
List 4 other steps
- Place the individual in a tactically inferior cuffing position
- Cuff hands together in the back
- Double lock the cuffs
- Search the individual
______________ weapons are not intended, nor reasonably likely to result in death or serious physical injury.
Less lethal
Less Lethal weapons include but are not limited to (list 4):
- Beanbag
- ARS (Pepper spray)
- CEW (Conducted electrical weapon/Taser)
- Expandable Baton
_______________- is a less lethal weapon system designed to use propelled wires or direct contact to conduct energy to affect the sensory and/or motor functions of the central nervous system
CEW (Conducted Electrical Weapon)
The ___________ chiefs will determine the number of CEW trained officers assigned to each precinct/section.
Bureau
Members selected are required to successfully complete a CEW training class conducted by the __________ and certified by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission.
Firearms training team
__________ training will be required to maintain certification and the authority to possess and/or carry the CEW.
Annual
Members will ensure that a _____________ is aware of CEW requests and broadcast their estimated time of arrival to the requesting unit.
Supervisor
_____________ must be obtained prior to discharging the CEW, unless exigent circumstances exist.
Supervisor’s approval
Probes penetrating the skin are considered impaled objects and will only be removed by ____________ personnel. Probes will be _____ at the base of the probes prior to transport.
Medical
Cut
Request _________ for all CEW discharges.
EMS
EMS must be advised of the number of __________ and the number of ____________.
CEW discharges
probe injuries
The following documents must be completed after a CEW discharge (list 3):
- Form 253 Use of Force
- Form 273 Sick/Injured Person report
- Incident Supplement or Incident Report
Document the _______________ of both the weapon and cartridges in the incident report when the CEW is discharged.
Serial numbers
True or False: there is elevated risks of CEW use on a person with a mental illness
True
True or False: Members needs to be aware of elevated risks of multiple CEW uses, and consider the use of available alternate methods of control, should an immediate threat continue to exist after three consecutive CEW uses.
True
True or False: The CEW may be used to stop a threatening animal
True
The CEW may not be used aiming at a subjects head, _______, or groin area unless exigency exists.
Neck
The CEW may be used in a drive stun mode for _____________ only in exigent circumstances.
Pain compliance
True or False: The use of CEW on a subject that is wading in water or in an environment that poses the potential drowning risk is prohibited.
True
True or False: The use of CEW while off duty or on secondary employment is prohibited
True
True or False: The CEW MAY be used on subjects that are only a danger to themselves, where there is no immediate threat to officers or others.
False
____________ will ensure the FSS responds to take photographs of the incident scene, probe penetration marks, drive stun marks, and any secondary injuries.
Supervisor
_______ will collect expended cartridges with probes (handled as biohazard sharps, at least six anti-felon identification tabs (AFIDS), and other pertinent evidence.
FSS
Supervisors must forward the CEW to the FTT within _____ hours of discharge for a mandatory download and submit all correspondence to the member’s commander.
72
Shift/commanders will respond to the scene and contact the ________ to conduct an investigation whenever a CEW is used that resulted in a fatality
HMPU
The ___________ inspects the CEW log book weekly for proper entry, signature, and maintenance record
Shift commander
A ____________ may suspend or revoke a member’s CEW or BMW certification at any time.
Precinct/Section Commander
The CEW log book is to be retained at each precinct/section for _____ years past the last entry date.
5
The ________ receives and reviews the submitted forms 253 and form 273.
IAD
___________________- consists of a 12-gauge shotgun that fires a specially designed round. The round contains a projectile consisting of a ballistic-fiber reinforced flexible sock (cloth) filled with #9 lead shot which delivers approximately 100psi of kinetic energy on impact without penetrating a soft target.
Beanbag Munitions Weapon (BMW)
The BMW will be stored in loaded in the precinct armory with an empty chamber and the safety engaged in a case with ________ rounds of 12-gauge bean bag munitions
10
All BMW munitions and cases will be of distinctive color and clearly marked ____________.
Less lethal
True or False: The BMW may be used when an officer intends to take a subject into custody and/or a subject through words or actions, threatens to inflict serious bodily harm to him/herself or others
True
True or False: The BMW may be used to deter an animal attack
True
True or False: All subjects struck by beanbag will be immediately transported to a medical facility for rounding examination regardless of injury
True
Even if there are no visible injuries ______ will photograph the area of the body struck by the beanbag munition and collect any pertinent evidence.
FSS
If the subject struck by the beanbag munition is absent of life threatening injury or death, all investigations, discharge review and policy determinations will be the responsibility of the discharging officer’s __________________.
precinct/section commander
When a subject’s injury from beanbag munition requires more than routine medical treatment and HMPU will not conduct the investigation, the discharging officer’s unit/shift commander will initiate an ______________ investigation.
Unusual occurrence
When a beanbag munition is fired, secure the weapon, impact projectile and spent cartridge for collection by the ______.
FSS
The ________ trains members and conducts annual cleaning and maintenance of the BMW weapons
FTT
_________- is a defensive, impact weapon consisting of steel telescoping shafts which lock into place upon full extension
Expandable Baton (EB)
Officers will initiate a _______ explaining the circumstances when an accidental exposure to ARS occurs.
12L
If after being exposed to ARS a subject/suspect dies the canister will be treated as __________ and handled according to the procedures established in the Evidence packaging manual.
Evidence
When a subject/suspect dies after being exposed to ARS indicate on the form 128R that the canister must be held for ______ months from the date of the incident. The canister may be disposed of at that time.
42
Replacement canisters may be obtained from the _______________.
Materials and Facilities Management unit
True or False: Sworn members may only justify use of a firearm by the facts known at the time a decision to use the firearm is made. Facts unknown, no matter how compelling, cannot be considered later when determining if the use of a firearm was justified.
True
Sworn members may discharge a firearm in the performance of their police duties only in the following circumstances (list 6):
- Self defense from death or serious injury
- In defense of another person from death or immediate danger of serious physical injury
- When all other reasonable means have been exhausted to apprehend or prevent the escape of a person who is known or believed to have the potential to cause imminent death/serious injury
- When an officer is on foot and a vehicle is being used against the officer or another person and the safety of innocent persons would not be jeopardized
- To dispose of or humanely destroy an injured animal
- During training
True or False:Sworn members will not discharge their firearms from moving vehicles unless the occupants of another moving vehicle are using or attempting to use deadly force against an officer and the safety of innocent persons would not be jeopardized
True
True or False: Officers who have not completed the field training program are prohibited from carrying their service weapon off duty unless they are a lateral
True
Sworn members are issued firearms authorized by _______.
Chief of police
Sworn members are issued firearms by the ___________________ unit.
Materials and Facilities Management unit
Topping-off the magazine by adding an additional round is __________.
Prohibited
Supervisors will inspect service firearms, __________ to ensure they are properly maintained
Weekly
All privately owned department-approved firearms must be a _______________ or a _____________ pistol.
Revolver
Semi-automatic
Handguns must have an ___________ device that will block the firing pin from striking the cartridge unless the trigger is pulled.
Internal safety
Handguns equipped with a ___________ firing pin must operate in the double action mode only.
Striker
The trigger pull for all firearms must meet or exceed the standards set by the _________.
FTT
All firearms must be of a caliber authorized by the _____.
FTT
Patrol rifles must be of the _______ design
AR-15
Patrol rifles must only be capable of ________ fire
Semi-automatic
An external safety device on a handgun that requires motor skill movement other than _____________ is prohibited
Point and shoot
Patrol rifles with barrel lengths less than _____ inches or more than _________ inches is prohibited
16
20
Patrol rifles capable of fully _________ or multi-fire functions is prohibited.
Automatic
Ammunition type and caliber for patrol rifles will be determined and posted by the ________ with the approval of the _________________.
FTT
Training section commander
List the approved patrol rifle accessories (5):
- Reflex and red/green dot optics w/o magnification capable of being used in conjunction w/iron sights
- Weapon mounted light
- Slings
- Quad picatinny rail systems
- Vertical forend grips
true or false: sworn members are permitted to carry a revolver off-duty, only if they were departmentally trained with a revolver prior to the conversion to a semi-automatic pistol
True
Sworn members may have a maximum of ________ privately owned, department-approved handguns approved for off duty used and ______ for patrol rifle on-duty use
2
1
Sworn members will notify their ___________ in writing when their privately-owned, department-approved firearm has been lost, stolen, sold, etc.
Commander
When working in plain clothes assignment or special detail may carry their_______________, in lieu of their issued handgun, when the member meets the qualifications outlined in this article and the member’s division commander approves the request.
privately owned, department-approved handgun
The __________ indicates approval and signs the form 145, weapons request/registration, if the member has qualified with the privately owned, department-approved handgun described or indicates disapproval and notified the member’s commander in writing that the member did not qualify.
FTT
__________ has final authority for privately owned, department-approved handgun approval.
FTT
A member’s __________ may approved the request for a sworn member to carry a privately owned, department-approved handgun while off duty.
Commander
Having successfully qualified with a privately owned firearm for off duty use,but whose commander has denied their request may appeal the decision to their _____________ commander.
Division
A member’s authorization to use a privately owned, department-approved handgun on duty is ________________.
Assignment specific
Handguns approved for on duty use will be the same ______ as the department’s issued weapon.
Caliber
Privately owned, department-approved handgun holsters must possess at least ________ retention feature and must have at least ____ magazines.
1
2
Considerations for deployment of patrol rifles include but are not limited to potential threats of suspects who are (list 3):
- Believed to be wearing protective body armor
- Armed with, or have immediate access to a weapon
- Situated in a tactically superior position
Certified sworn members will properly secure (locked in a tethered case or secured in a departmental installed retention device) the unloaded patrol rifle, three magazines and _____ rounds of ammunition in their police vehicle until approval is obtained for it’s deployment.
90
Who are promoted to ______ may elect to retain their department-issued patrol rifle at the discretion of their assigned precinct/section commander
CPL
At or above rank of _________ will not be assigned a department issued patrol rifle, but instead my use their privately-owned, department-approved rifle.
Sgt
___________ respond to all patrol rifle requests and determine if deployment is appropriate.
Shift Commander
True or False: Shift commanders decision to deploy the patrol rifle will be made at the scene but in exigent circumstances, authorization may be given via telephone or police radio prior to arrival
True
___________ ensures any patrol rifle discharged during a member’s tour of duty is inspected by the FTT.
Shift commander
Members may only use weapon mounted lights issued by the department and on the issued ______________ pistols
Semi-automatic
True or False: members are not required to use weapon mounted lights on their pistols
True
Weapon mounted light activation will not be completed by using the _________________ finger.
Strong hand index
Firearm discharges must be reported to the __________ and to the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction
Department
True or False: Members must notify the department when a privately owned but not departmentally approved firearm by a member or other person where criminal charges may result against the member.
True
All reportable firearm discharges will undergo a ____________ investigation and an _____________ investigation by the units having investigative responsibility.
Criminal
Administrative
When a discharge occurs in an other jurisdiction the OJ is responsible for the _____________ investigation and our agency is responsible for the _____________ investigation.
Criminal
Administrative
Firearm discharges by a commissioned law enforcement office of any agency except _________ within Baltimore County will undergo a criminal investigation by the department to determine if violations of the law occurred.
MSP
True or False: members shall immediately notify the shift commander of the precinct wherein the discharge occurred, after a reportable firearm discharge
True
If a member discharged a firearm in another agency the member will immediately notify the local law enforcement agency, and the Baltimore county 911 communications center , for the notification of the member’s ____________ and the ______________ commander via 911 police liasion.
Commander
Shift/unit commander
Members who discharge a firearm to dispose of any animal posing an immediate threat to the safety of humans or to humanly destroy an animal which is injured will make a reasonable attempt to contact _________________.
The animal’s owner or a vet before using the discretion to humanly destroy an animal.
Complete a form _________, Officer’s firearm discharge report for humanely destroyed animals immediately after the humane destruction of an animal.
229A
True or False: after the humane destruction of an animal no incident report is not required unless property damage or an unusual occurrence took place
True
Complete a _______ report when and an _____________ report after discharging a firearm at any animal posing an immediate threat or attacking an officer or other person.
229
Incident report
Members involved in an intentional firearm discharge will not write any statements or complete any administrative forms until after being interviewed by the ________ detectives or members conducting the investigation.
HMPU
For discharges involving an injury or death to a person, members will complete the form 229 after they have made all statements to the HMPU or investigating unit, and then will do so within _______ days, when possible.
30
Supervisors recover discharged firearm and all associated ___________, from members who have intentionally discharged their weapons prior to the arrival of the HMPU and FSS if practical.
Magazines
True or false: If a member possess several firearms during a intentional firearm discharge all firearms and magazines will be recovered from the member.
True
When multiple members discharge their firearms at a scene, a different _______________ will be used to recover each members weapon if practical.
Supervisor
True or False:Supervisors will leave weapons in the condition they were recovered and not unload the firearm.
True
For cases involving an unintentional discharge the ___________ will notify the member that their departmental authority to carry that type of firearm is suspended.
Shift commander
True or False: Firearm suspension will remain in effect until the firearm is determined to be function properly and the member’s knowledge of the firearm has been demonstrated
True
For an unintentional discharge of a firearm the shift commander will ensure the firearm is transported to the FTT for examination on the __________________.
Next regularly scheduled work day
After a shooting the shift commander will ensure that all members present when the shooting occurred are ______________, but not isolated until interviewed by the investigating units.
separated
The non-involved member who will sit the officer involved in a shooting can be a non-involved member from the same command, ____________ or ____________.
FOP rep
CIST member
True or False: members involved are encouraged to contact their families, before extensive media coverage begins
True
True or False: Shift commanders will assign an officer not involved in the incident to write the incident report after an officer involved shooting.
True
The ______ takes custody of firearms discharged during incidents and conducts a count of unspent rounds.
FSS
____________ directs the recovery of discharged firearms by the FSS at shooting scenes.
Homicide
____________ determines if photographs of the member involved in the discharge are relevant or necessary (dependent upon if a struggle ensued)
Homicide supervisor
The ______________________ will be consulted for ay firearm discharge in which responsibility for the criminal investigation is not explicitly defined by this policy.
Bureau Chief of CIB
The _________ unit is responsible for the criminal investigation of reportable firearms discharged occurring within Baltimore County involving an injury or death.
HMPU
_____________ is responsible for the criminal investigation of reportable firearms discharges occurring within Baltimore County involving a member who is on duty or acting in an official capacity as a law enforcement officer. This also applies to firearm discharges by a commissioned law enforcement officer of any OJ resulting in death or injury.
HMPU
________ is excluded from firearm discharge investigations by Homicide that result in injury or death in Baltimore County.
MSP
____________ unit is responsible for the criminal investigation of intentional firearm discharges occurring within Baltimore County by a commissioned law enforcement officer of any other jurisdiction where no injury or death results.
Violent Crimes
___________ is responsible for the criminal investigation of reportable firearms discharges in animal cases except for humane destruction of an animal.
Shift commander
______________ is responsible for the criminal investigation of reportable firearms discharges where no injury or death occurs, but criminal charges may result and an entity of CIB or another jurisdiction is not responsible for the investigation.
Shift Commander
______________ is responsible for the criminal investigation of unintentional firearm discharges occurring within Baltimore County by commissioned law enforcement officers of other agencies where no injury or death results.
Shift Commander
________________ United States Code permits both qualified active and retired law enforcement officers to carry a concealed firearm in any state and the District of Columbia without a permit or license. This act exempts qualified current/retired law enforcement officers from state laws prohibiting the carry of concealed firearms.
Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA) of 2004, Chapter 44, Title 18
A _______________ means an employee of a governmental agency who meets the following:
- Authorized by law to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of, or the incarceration of any person for any violation of law and has statutory powers of arrest; and
- Authorized by the agency to carry a firearm; and
- Not the subject of any disciplinary action by the agency; and
- Meets standards, if any, established by the agency which require the employee to regularly qualify in the use of a firearm; and
- Not under the influence of alcohol or another intoxicating or hallucinatory drug or substance; and
- Not prohibited by federal law from receiving a firearm; and
- Must carry a photographic identification issued by the agency.
Qualified law enforcement officer
Active sworn members must carry their ______________ when carrying a firearm.
Department-issued identification card
Active sworn members who carry a firearm outside of Maryland have no police powers and will be subject to ___________________ which may prohibit the carrying of a firearm on certain public and private property.
Federal, state and locals laws
Active sworn members who are served with any interim, temporary or final protective or peace order must notify a ______________ immediately and not wait until the officer’s next scheduled shift.
Supervisor
_______________-when the member’s police powers have been suspended. The disqualification will continue until the member’s police powers have been reinstated.
Disciplinary action
Active sworn members who are encountered by an investigating officer/agency from another state/jurisdiction and are questioned about their status as a qualifying officer for the LEOSA, will advised that their employment status can be verified by contacting the __________________.
Public Safety Building Security Desk
Active sworn members who receive inquires from retired officers about qualifying for the LEOSA will direct them to the ______________________.
Police Human Resources
Officers encountering an individual carrying a concealed firearm and claiming exemption from prosecution under LEOSA will (list 2):
- A current law enforcement agency photo id verifying their status as an active or retired law enforcement officer.
- If the individual is a retired officer, they must also produce verification of qualification within the last 12-month period with the type of firearm they are carrying.
