Use of force Flashcards
Factors inherent to law enforcement
Training time; type of equipment; level of commitment
What tactics are used by sccja?
Ju-Jitsu, wrestling, boxing, mma
What is the criteria for selecting use of force techniques?
Safety of officer; response options; technique integration; natural movements
What are the different types of motor skill?
Gross; fine; open; closed
Gross motor skills
Movements that require large muscle groups; energetic or broad; basis for all physical activity
Fine motor skills
Smaller, more refined movements; require coordinated movements between hands, fingers, and eyes. Ex writing, tying shoes, playing golf
Open motor skills
Movements that quickly react to changes; reaction time and fast decision making are vital
Closed motor skills
Do not require same focus on external influences; rely on persons ability to perform same task accurately
What are Three factors considered in evaluating use of force? (Graham v Connor)
Severity of the crime; whether suspect posed immediate threat to officer or others; whether the suspect actively resisted arrest or attempted to evade
What are the force continuum factors?
Severity ; immediate threat; actively resisting arrest; attempting to evade by flight
What is de escalation of force by officers?
The strategic slow down of an incident in a manner that allows officers more time, distance space
What are the types of resistance?
Physical posturing; verbal resistance; passive resistance; active resistance; assaultive resistance; deadly assault
Physical posturing
Physical acts; non verbal and indicate that subject might not cooperate
Verbal resistance
Verbal statements from a subject indicating that they won’t cooperste
Passive resistance
Subject goes limp( dead weight)
Active resistance
Physical actions to resist ex pills away or walks away
Assaultive resistance
Physically or attempting physical assault by personal weapons
Deadly assault
Deadly force encounter
What are the levels of control?
Officer presence; verbalization; Empty hand (soft and hard); less lethal(baton;OC;taser)
When should a taser be used?
On higher levels of risk where there is immediate danger.
What are the elements of deadly force?
Ability , opportunity, jeopardy
Various positioning of a fighting platform
Interview stance; low ready stance; high ready stance
Patterns of movement for fighting platform
Rearward- rear foot moves first
Forward- front food moves first
Lateral- lateral movement side foot moves first
Tactical L pattern-at least 2 steps back and 2 steps to right or left
Frontal position
Directly in front of suspect
Frontal oblique strong side
Firearm is outside of suspect
Frontal oblique support side
Firearm is inside of suspect
Reactionary gap
Safety zone between the officer and suspect. Minimum 6 ft
What dictates an officer decision to escalate or de escalate?
Time, space, distance
What is the perception stage of reaction time?
Identify pre-attack cues; expect resistance; play what if game
What is the analyze stage of reaction time?
Using the 5 senses to a evaluate a situation
What is the formulate strategies stage of reaction time?
Develop a plan based on prior experiences or training; without it a mental stall could occur
Initiate motor action stage
Brain tells the body to respond; without a plan this will not occur
What is the average Reaction time ?
0.5-2 seconds;
How is the sympathetic nervous system activated?
Norepinephrine is released to prepare body for initial stage of stress; if stress stops the body goes back to normal; if stress persists, the body produces epinephrine to activate body
What effects does sympathetic nervous system have on the body?
Stimulation of adrenal gland; increased heart rate; increase in glucose; widening of airways; dilation pupils; digestion slowed; bladder relaxstion
What is the relationship between SNS and combat performance?
Pupils dilate; tunnel vision; loss of focus; loss of depth perception
Hicks law
Decision making time depends on the possible choices. More choices, more time
Triggers of pNS nervous system?
Perception diminished; perception of injury; trauma to vital system; exhaustion of aerobic and aneorobic systems
PNS backlash symptoms
Dizziness; excessive bleeding; shock; exhaustion; muscle tremors
What are the effects of critical incident amnesia?
Memory before 1st sleep period includes general characteristics of incident, weapon, assailant.
Memory after first sleep period is increased by?
50-90%
Memory after second sleep period is?
Almost complete and final
What are the combat performance variables?
Mindset; motor skill selection; nutrition&hydratiom; fitness; belief system
Fast burning carbs leads to?
Increased fatigue
Slow burning carbs leads to?
Energy
ATP/PC
Small energy bundles stored in muscles; limited to 10-15 seconds; once depleted, performance drops 45% within 30sec. powerful moves like knee strike or heavy lifting
Lactic acid system
After burner fuel; active from 15 sec to 2 minutes
Aerobic system
Long term energy system dependent on cardio.
Methods to reduce survival stress
Confidence factor; motor skill selection; tactical breathing; visualization drills; faith factor
Positional asphyxia
Lack of oxygen and increase carbon dioxide in bloodstream caused by restricted breathing
Cocaine psychosis
Possible lethal medical emergency; intense paranoia and violent behavior; sudden death may occur during or after struggle
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Occurs with psychiatric patients on antipsychotic meds. Should be taken to medical facility immediately. Symptoms are fluctuating levels of consciousness
Cocaine abuse
Agent that stimulates central nervous and cardiovascular systems; constricts blood vessels; elevates heart rate
ANS system
Controls involuntary actions and divided into 2 branches
Homeostasis
Organisms ability to maintain steady state internal environment
Parasympathetic nervous system
Maintains homeostasis while at rest. Primarily stores energy “rest and digest system”
Sympathetic nervous system
Nicknamed “fight or flight” division; active during exercise, excitement, emergency
What is the inverted U-Law?
Different tasks require different levels of arousal for optimal performance
