Use and abuse of antiobiotics

Question 1

Which antibiotics block cell wall synthesis? (antibiotics can protect the queens men servants guards)

Answer 1

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides (vancomycin)

also carbpenams

Question 2

Which antibiotics block cell wall synthesis? (antibiotics can protect the queens men servants guards)

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides

Question 3

Which antibiotics block DNA synthesis? (antibiotics can protect the queens men servants guards)

Answer 3

Quinolones

Question 4

Which antibiotics block folate synthesis? (antibiotics can protect the queens men servants guards)

Answer 4

Sulphonamides

Trimethoprim

Question 5

2 Types of antibiotic toxicity?

Answer 5

1. Microbiological toxicity (disruption of normal flora): Nausea, diarrhoea, c difficile, sureinfections with MRSA or candida
2. Pharmacological toxicity: allergy, renal/liver damge, drug interactions, BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION

Question 6

2 types of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 6

Intrinsic (drug action doesnt work on bacteria type)

Acquired (due to acquisition of resistance genes or mutations)

Question 7

Ways that bacteria can develop resistance to abx? (5) (recognise)

Answer 7

Reduced drug permeability
Altered binding site
Bypass of metabolic step
Destroying drug with enzyme
Efflux of drug

Question 8

Problems with antibiotic resistance as prescribers?

Answer 8

After certain threshold, reducing abx use won;t bring susceptible strains back and the resistant strains will be dominent

Question 9

What is linked abx resistance?

Answer 9

Resistance can be transferred via DNA sharing

THerefore prescribing drug A can increase resistance to drugs B and C

Question 10

UK antibiotic consumption per year?

Answer 10

500 tonnes a year, 80% in primary care