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CPACC Flash Cards! by Jess > Usability, Myths, Laws & Org Management > Flashcards

Usability, Myths, Laws & Org Management Flashcards

1
Q

What determines how easy a design’s user interface is to use and how functional a product or design is?

A

Usability

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2
Q

True or false: Accessibility increases the chances of more people being able to use a product or design regardless of their abilities.

A

True

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3
Q

What type of issues occur when all users face some difficulty using a product or service?

A

Usability

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4
Q

What type of issues occur when people with disabilities encounter difficulties using or accessing a product or service?

A

Accessibility

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5
Q

True or false: Remediating accessibility issues may cause usability issues?

A

True

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6
Q

If navigating a website is unclear, or its structure is illogical and extremely complex for all users, the website has what type of issues?

A

Usability issues

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7
Q

Buildings that provide ramps as an alternative for steps or have flat entryways resolve which type of issue?

A

Accessibility issues

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8
Q

What are 5 myths and misconceptions about accessibility?

A 
Accessibility benefits only a small minority
Accessibility is a short-term project
Accessibility should be the last step
Accessibility is hard & expensive
Accessibility is ugly
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9
Q

What is the truth behind the myth that accessibility only benefits a small minority?

A

Benefits a wide variety of people because anyone can acquire a disability, and people with disabilities are a sizable minority.

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10
Q

True or false: Accessible websites are better for people who are aging who may be losing their eyesight, hearing, mobility or cognition?

A

True

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11
Q

True or false: Accessibility is an ongoing requirement in all stages of design, development and QA?

A

True

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12
Q

True or false: Accessibility needs to be part of the process from start to finish?

A

True

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13
Q

True or false: Systematic discrimination plays a key role in suppressing the potential of people with disabilities?

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: Designing for accessibility is much easier (and results in a better design) than retrofitting for accessibility?

A

True

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15
Q

Why is the cost of accessibility reasonable when compared to the cost of the alternatives?

A

Lawsuits and negative publicity are expensive

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16
Q

What are some accessibility features that don’t alter the design of a website?

A 
Alt text
Labels on form elements
Headings 
Table headers 
Lists
Language
Keyboard accessibility
Reading order
Captions
Audio descriptions
ARIA
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17
Q

What accessibility features alter the visual appearance of a website?

A

Color contrast

Links to skip navigation

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18
Q

How can you design for people with cognitive disabilities?

A

Simplify content
Illustrate concepts with images
Avoid slang or idiomatic expressions
Expand acronyms and abbreviations the first time they appear

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19
Q

What are the 3 categories of accessibility laws?

A

Civil rights laws
Procurement laws
Industry-specific laws

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20
Q

What are civil rights laws?

A

Laws that emphasize equal rights for people with disabilities, often making it illegal to discriminate against people with disabilities. ADA is a civil rights law

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21
Q

What are procurement laws?

A

Laws that require accessibility be taken into account when making a purchase or contracting for services. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and EN 301 549 are procurement laws.

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22
Q

What are industry-specific laws?

A

Laws that apply to industries that are important to accessibility. CVAA and ACAA are industry-specific laws.

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23
Q

What was the first document to establish fundamental human rights, and is considered the foundation of international human rights laws?

A

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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24
Q

When did the United Nations General Assembly adopt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A

December 10, 1948, in Paris, France

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25
Q

What does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights include?

A

30 articles that state fundamental human rights ranging from right to life, liberty, equality, spiritual and political freedoms, to social, cultural, and economic rights.

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26
Q

What is considered the most important political and democratic expression of the will to grant and guarantee equal human rights to people with disabilities at a global level?

A

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)

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27
Q

What is the UN CRPD?

A

A binding human rights treaty and serves as a framework for legal advocacy.

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28
Q

Why did the UN CRPD happen?

A

Result of long lasting political civil rights movements driving the shift from the personal deficit model of disability towards an inclusive, equal chances and human rights model

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29
Q

What is the Optional Protocol?

A

Launched in 2008, implements the competencies and rights of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to monitor and accept complaints; Provides a tool to make the UN CRPD operational and impacting in practice.

30
Q

What has become a key instrument for people with disabilities to fight discrimination and exclusion and to promote, implement, monitor and defend inclusion, accessibility and equal opportunities?

A

The UN CRPD and its Optional Protocol

31
Q

What are the 4 categories of domains addressed by the UN CRPD?

A

Universal
Indivisible
Interdependent
Interrelated

32
Q

What is the Monitoring, Reporting and Claiming Process of the UN CRPD?

A

Allows end user organizations to facilitate, monitor and report on the state of the art, activities, progress, shortcomings, discrimination and exclusion.

33
Q

What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

A

Broad civil rights law in the U.S. that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, architectural design, transportation, examinations and courses, and the services offering “public accommodation.”

34
Q

True or false: Many web accessibility lawsuits in the United States invoke the ADA as the basis for the legal complaint because of the language about “public accommodation”?

A

True

35
Q

Who does the ADA apply to?

A

Businesses and organizations open to the public, with the exception of religious entities and private clubs
Federal and state government entities

36
Q

Who enforces the ADA?

A

Consumers filing formal complaints

37
Q

What is The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)?

A

Civil rights law that applies to every person or organization in the public and private sectors of the Province of Ontario

38
Q

What is the Equality Act of 2010?

A

One of the main civil rights laws related to web accessibility in the UK that prohibits discrimination in the workplace and in society

39
Q

What 3 laws does the Equality Act replace and supersede?

A

Sex Discrimination Act 1975
Race Relations Act 1976
Disability Discrimination Act 1995

40
Q

Who does The Equality Act apply to?

A

Public authorities and any organization that is carrying out a public function

41
Q

How does The Equality Act (EQA) apply to websites?

A

The reference to the “provision of a service” applies to commercial web services as much as to traditional services

42
Q

What is the Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Person with Disabilities?

A

Japanese legislation that prohibits discrimination based on disability and requires organizations and private entities to provide the necessary accommodations that remove social barriers for people with disabilities

43
Q

What is Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act?

A

Requires the U.S. federal government to take accessibility into account when procuring information technologies

44
Q

Which parts of Section 508 are most relevant to web accessibility?

A
  1. 21 – Software applications and operating systems
  2. 22 – Web-based intranet and internet information and applications
  3. 31 – Functional performance criteria
45
Q

Who does Section 508 apply to?

A

US federal government entities only

46
Q

Who enforces Section 508?

A

Consumers filing formal complaints

47
Q

What is EN 301 549?

A

Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT products and services in Europe

48
Q

What is the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)?

A

Law that requires video communications, text messaging, web browsers on mobile devices, and other similar technologies to be accessible to people with disabilities.

49
Q

How does the CVAA apply to web developers?

A

Video programs presented with captions on television must be presented with closed-captions on the internet.

50
Q

Who does the CVAA apply to?

A

Entities already covered by FCC regulations (telecommunication hardware and software providers, television broadcasters and television hardware/software providers)

51
Q

Who enforces the CVAA?

A

Consumers filing formal complaints

52
Q

What is the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA)?

A

Law prohibiting disability discrimination in air travel and requires air carriers to accommodate the needs of passengers with disabilities

53
Q

On November 12, 2013 the DoT issued a rule requiring what?

A

Airline carrier websites and ticket kiosks to be accessible to people with disabilities

54
Q

True or false: U.S and foreign air carriers operating flights within or to the U.S. or selling tickets to the U.S. public are required to have websites that conform to WCAG Level AA?

A

True

55
Q

Who does the ACAA apply to?

A

U.S. and foreign air carriers operating flights within or to the U.S. or selling tickets to the U.S. public

56
Q

Who enforces the ACAA?

A

Consumers filing formal complaints

57
Q

What are the 4 categories covered by the Web Standards for the Government of Canada?

A

Accessibility
Usability
Interoperability
Mobile devices

58
Q

True or false: The Web Standards for the Government of Canada apply explicitly to the private sector?

A

False

59
Q

What are the Quebec: Standards sur l’accessibilité du Web

A

Law for government websites to comply to a modified version of WCAG Level AA

60
Q

What is the Référentiel Général d’Accessibilité pour les Administrations (RGAA)?

A

Law for all French central government websites and public services are required to comply to based on WCAG Level AA

61
Q

What is the Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung (BITV 2)?

A

Law for German government websites to comply to based on a modified version of WCAG

62
Q

What is the Code of Practice on Accessibility of Public Services and Information provided by Public Bodies?

A

Law for government websites in Ireland based on WCAG 1.0

63
Q

What is Law 4/2004 (“Stanca” Law)?

A

Law for Italian government websites based on WCAG 1.0, Level AA

64
Q

What are the Web Accessibility Laws and Policies in the Netherlands?

A

All government websites must comply with WCAG Level AA

65
Q

What is Law 34/2002, Law 51/2003?

A

Law for government websites in Spain based on WCAG 1.0 Level AA

66
Q

What is the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) X 8341?

A

Central and local government websites must comply with “Guidelines for older persons and persons with disabilities – Information and communications equipment, software and services” which is based on WCAG

67
Q

What technology laws are in place in New Zealand?

A

Web Accessibility Standard 1.1

Web Usability Standard 1.3

68
Q

Who is directly affected by the laws of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in addition to the U.S. federal government?

A

All organizations that do business with the federal government

69
Q

Who is directly affected by the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)?

A

Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment

70
Q

Which European mandate is similar to Section 508 in the United States?

A

EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe

CPACC Flash Cards! by Jess (5 decks)

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