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0
Q

What happened in Plessy v. Ferguson

A

Homer Plessy stated that segregation was illegal under the 14th amendment as African Americans didn’t have equal facilities

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1
Q

When was Plessy v. Ferguson

A

1896

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2
Q

Why was Plessy v. Ferguson significant?

A

Because it produce the phrase ‘separate but equal’ which many following court cases were based upon. And segregation was deemed acceptable if under this statement.

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3
Q

When was slavery abolished?

A

1865 in the 13th amendment

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4
Q

When was voting granted for all races?

A

1870 15th amendment

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5
Q

What were ‘Jim Crow’ laws?

A

1890-1910 introduction of legal segregation. Denied African Americans use of all white facilities.

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6
Q

When did the USA enter World War Two?

A

1941

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7
Q

How did World War Two influence the mindset of African Americans?

A

They experienced European society while at war and no segregation was present.

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8
Q

What were the four basic freedoms Americans were fighting for?

A

Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom from want
Freedom from fear

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9
Q

Why were African American soldiers so shocked by what they were fighting for?

A

They were fighting for four freedoms abroad but couldn’t enjoy them at home

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10
Q

What was the ‘double v’?

A

The African American soldiers were fighting for a victory overseas and at home

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11
Q

How did black heroes help change public opinion?

A

White soldiers and officers were shocked at how noble and brave black soldiers were. They were just like them

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12
Q

What did Roosevelt issue in 1941?

A

The Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)

Forced employers not to discriminate based on ‘race, creed, colour or national origin’

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13
Q

How did economic growth affect the distribution of African Americans across the country?

A

Industry boomed because of a demand for war goods. Waves of migration north occurred looking for jobs. A third of AA lived in the north.

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14
Q

Who was the first American president to challenge segregation?

A

Harry S. Truman

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15
Q

When did Truman become president, and why?

A

He became president in 1945 following Roosevelt’s deaths

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16
Q

When was the Presidents Committee on Civil Rights set up?

A

1946

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17
Q

What was the report that Truman issued into the issues facing African Americans?

A

‘To Secure These Rights’ 19467

It highlighted problems and suggested radical changes.

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18
Q

What did ‘to secure these rights’ show?

A
  1. Lynchings
  2. Police brutality
  3. 1944 election only 18% of blacks
  4. Discrimination in armed forces
  5. Employment and education
  6. Discrimination in health
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19
Q

How did the report suggest changes to lynchings should be made?

A

New laws were introduced which would force police to intervene to protect black citizens from mob violence.

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20
Q

What else did the report recommend?

A

New legislation to outlaw police brutality
A fair employment practices act to end discrimination
State governments should be forced to end segregation in education and healthcare

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21
Q

Why did so many of the recommendations of ‘to secure these rights’ have a flaw?

A

Because local police forces and state governments were racist and therefore had no intention to aid black people

22
Q

How did Truman use his power as president?

A

He appointed African Americans to key government roles: Ralph Bunche, UN ambassador - won the Nobel peace prize

23
Q

What executive orders did Truman issue?

A

9980 guaranteeing fair employment practices in the civil service
10308 establishing Committee on Government Contract Compliance (CGCC)

24
What was the 'fair deal' programme?
Committed the government to building houses in deprived urban areas in order to address some economic problems faced by AA
25
How did the military change in 1948?
Truman desegregated the armed forces, guaranteeing equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services, without regard to race, colour, religion or national origin'
26
What else did Truman try desegregate?
Dulles Airport in Washington D.C but it failed, but he did desegregate the restaurant He also desegregated his inauguration speech
27
When was the NAACP founded?
1909
28
What is the NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
29
What was the main tactic of the NAACP?
Court cases
30
When was Smith v. Allwright?
1944
31
What was Smith v. Allwright?
Voting rights of blacks. Blacks could not vote in primaries which actually dominated the result. So lobbied E. Smith a black Texan went to the Supreme Court.
32
What was the result of Smith v. Allwright?
All-white primaries were banned across all of America
33
When was Morgan V. Virginia?
1946
34
What was Morgan v. Virginia?
Irene Morgan was fined $100 for refusing to give up her seat on an interstate bus to a white man. Took the case to the Supreme Court
35
What was the result of Morgan v. Virginia?
In 1946 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was illegal on interstate buses.
36
What was the UDL
United Defence League
37
What was CIO
Congress of Industrial Organisations
39
What was CORE
Congress of Racial Equality
40
When was CORE set up?
1942
41
What was the CNO
Committee on Negro Organization
42
When was the NAACP's lynching investigation squad set up
1946
43
By how much did the NAACP grow from 1939-1942
From 50,000 to 450,000
44
What protests did the NAACP organise?
1947 - Picketing of New Orleans department stores for refusing blacks to try on hats 1951 - same tactic in Alexandra because black schools would shut to harvest cotton 1953 - boycott if new black school in Lafayette
45
Name a protest the UDL organised
1953 The week long bus boycott in Louisiana capital, Baton Rouge Accompanied by operation free lift of 100 private cars giving blacks lifts around the city
46
What did the CNO do between 1940 and 1957?
Organised a voter registration campaign in Arkansas from 1.5% to 17.3%
47
When was CORES's journey of reconciliation?
1947
48
What happened during CORES's Journey of reconciliation?
Following Morgan v. Virginia 16 activists 8 black 8 White travelled by bus from north to South to draw attention to the fact many companies ignored the ruling
49
What were the results of the journey of reconciliation?
It highlighted southern states ignoring the supreme courts ruling 12 arrests and failed to make southern states like North Carolina desegregate
50
When was Sweatt v. Painter?
1950
51
When was Brown v. Board of Education?
1954
52
When was Brown II?
1955
53
When was the lynching of Emmett Till lynched?
1955

History (3 decks)

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