USA 1954-75

Question 1

What laws affected the life of black people in the south in the 50s?

Answer 1

Jim Crow laws

Question 2

What was the Plessey vs Ferguson case?

Answer 2

A case challenging segreation on trains, saying it was against the 14th ammendment.

Question 3

What was the significance of the plessey vs ferguson case?

Answer 3

The court ruled saying segregation was okay, so long as both sides had equal facilities.

Question 4

What did so few black americans have the right to vote?

Answer 4

All black americans could vote but they were intimidated outside voting stations and sat unreasonably hard tests so never registered.

Question 5

What is the NAACP?

Answer 5

The national association of the advancement of coloured people.

Question 6

When was the NAACP set up?

Answer 6

1909

Question 7

What was a main target of for segregation laws in the 40s?

Answer 7

Schools

Question 8

What was the congress of racial equality and what did they do?

Answer 8

Set up in 1942 they protested against segregation by non-violent methods. Included people of all races.

Question 9

When was Brown v. Topeka?

Answer 9

1954

Question 10

What was the brown vs Topeka case and what was one consequence of it

Answer 10

1954 - Oliver Brown took the city of Topeka to court for making his daughter go to a coloured school far away.
1954 - Supreme Court declared segregated schools were illegal x key turning point in civil rights

Question 11

What was the significance of the Brown v. Topeka case?

Answer 11

Supreme court ruling was a huge win for coloured people living in the south. Started a turning point in the civil rights movement.

Question 12

What were the events at Little Rock?

Answer 12

9 black students attended a heavily white school in Arkansaw. The state govenor stopped them. Eisenhower sent troops and they had to be escorted by national guard around school for a year.

Question 13

When were the events at little rock school?

Answer 13

1957

Question 14

When was the Montgomery bus boycott?

Answer 14

1955 - 1960

Question 15

What was the cause and what were the features of the montgomery bus boycott?

Answer 15

In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to move on a bus and was arrested. MLK and the Montgomery Improvement Association organised a boycott of the buses.

Question 16

How long did the montgomery bus boycott last?

Answer 16

1 year until the bus company gave in

Question 17

What were the consequences of the Montgomery bus boycott?

Answer 17

1956 - Supreme court ruled bus segregation as illegal
1957 - Eisenhower introduced first civil rights movement since 1875 that prosecuted anyone who denied an American their rights

Question 18

What were the key changes to the vietnam war under Nixon?

Answer 18

Peace talks began
Withdrawl of US forces started
Attacks on N Vietnam escalated
Nixon doctrine of 1969
Vietnamisation
Cambodia bombings
Laos attacks

Question 19

What and when was the Nixon Doctrine?

Answer 19

1969 - It stated that America would provide air support but not troops

Question 20

What were the consequences of the Nixon Doctrine

Answer 20

Vietnamisation

Question 21

Why wasn’t vietnamisation succesful?

Answer 21

The south Vietnamese felt abandoned which strengthened the North. The south were also not strong enough to defend themselves.

Question 22

What and when were the attacks on Cambodia?

Answer 22

1970 - Nixon bombed Cambodia in an attempt to stop the Ho Chi Minh trail from operating.

Question 23

What were the consequences of the Cambodia bombings?

Answer 23

Huge political and public outcry in the US. Congress furious and pushed for decreased funding.

Question 24

What happened in Laos and when were the attacks?

Answer 24

1971 - US provided air support for Vietnam invasion. Battle of Tchepone was bloody and the ARVN retreated

Question 25

Consequences of the Laos attack?

Answer 25

Serious doubtes about the effects of Vietnamisation. VC bases in Laos remained secure.

Question 26

What were the causes of Operation linebacker?

Answer 26

The increased assault on North vietnam and the response to the VC’s Easter offensive of 1972

Question 27

What and when was operation linebacker?

Answer 27

A large campaign in 1972 to bombard the North of vietnam.

Question 28

What was the significance of operation linebacker?

Answer 28

As it was unrestricted bombing, huge damage was caused and China and the USSR urged North Vietnam to settle for peace. The attacks were also controvertial and sparked more outcry in the US

Question 29

What were the main resons for support of the Vietnam War?

Answer 29

Fear of Communism
Domino theory
Moral/religious reasons
Freedom
Patriotism
Superiority of capitalism and democracy

Question 30

What were the hard hat riots of 1970?

Answer 30

Construction workers clashed with Anti - war protestors. A pro - war rally of 60,000 people started and the riot represented general working class support.

Question 31

What were the Silent Majority?

Answer 31

The people who showed support for the war but didnt openly express thier support or campaign it. Nixons speech towards them was remarkably succesful.

Question 32

Opposition to the war

Answer 32

Tet offensive
Cambodia death tolls
injuries
cost
black opposition
individual roles eg muhammed Ali

Question 33

What was the impact of the media on oposition to the war

Answer 33

The conflict was televised and revealed the horrors of war. Many people watched the conflict from their homes.

Question 34

What were the consequences of the My Lai massacre?

Answer 34

Huge public outcry. War crime charges

Question 35

What were the kent state University shootings. (D) (S)

Answer 35

Peacful protests that began in a college campus and a training building was burned down. A demonstraion ban was ignored and 4 people were killed. Increased support for the war.

Question 36

What were the main VC tactics in the war?

Answer 36

Tunnels
Traps
Spikes
Mines

Question 37

What were the main US tactics in the war?

Answer 37

Search and destroy
Rolling thunder - 1965 - huge bombing of vietnam
Chemical weapons - napalm etc aimed at destroying natural defences and crops.

Question 38

What was significant about US tactics in the war? (2)

Answer 38

Huge destruction
Did not win the hearts and minds of the people

Question 39

Key features and significance of the Tet Offensive

Answer 39

Massive attack on South Vietnam by North Vietnamese.
US embassy in Saigon was seized by North Vietnamese.
NV suffered hih casualties.
South seemed more vulnerable now and many in Anerica saw it as a humiliating defeat

Question 40

When was the Tet Offensive?

Answer 40

1968

Question 41

What was the significance of little rock?

Answer 41

Huge media coverage, people were shocked at the treatment of black people.
Many schools decided after 1957 they would shut down instead of desegregate following Faubus’ decision.

Question 42

Who was Orval Faubus?

Answer 42

State govenour of Arkansas

Question 43

What was Orval Faubus known for?

Answer 43

He was a strong opposer to school desegregation and shut down little rock in 1958 in response to school segregation being made illegal.