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politics examples > US politics > Flashcards

US politics Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of American citizens don’t have ID?

A

11%

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2
Q

Name an example of US voter ID laws being discriminatory

A

Texas allows concealed weapons permits for voting, but does not accept student ID cards.

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3
Q

Name 2 examples of pressure groups using legal methods to campaign for civil right

A

NAACP funded 1954 Brown v Board

ACLU brought Obergefell v Hodges 2015

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4
Q

Name an example of a pressure group funding elections

A

NRA spent over 50million in support of Republicans in 2016

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5
Q

Name an example of a revolving door congress member and what they did

A

Eugene Scalia - worked under George W Bush, then lobbied for Chamber of Commerce, then became Secretary of Labour 2019

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6
Q

How are pressure groups protected under the Constitution?

A

First amendment freedom of speech

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7
Q

Name an example of pressure groups lobbying

A

Over 3 billion spent in 2010, most of which was to influence Obama’s Affordable Care Act

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8
Q

Name 2 examples of pressure groups using direct action

A

NAACP sit ins

Black Lives Matter marches

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9
Q

Name an example of the limits of pressure groups

A

Pro-establishment Hillary Clinton had far more funding than Trump but still lost election

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10
Q

How are PACs limited?

A

Can only donate $5k to election campaigns

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11
Q

What 2 cases allowed super PACs to exist? Summarise both

A

BOTH 2010
Speechnow.org v. Federal Election Commission : individuals should be able to donated unlimited amounts to political committees

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission: outsider groups can spend unlimited amounts on federal elections

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12
Q

How much did Super PACs spend in 2020 on the election?

A

$1.8 billion

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13
Q

Name an example of Super PACs causing elitism

A

Billionaire Sheldon Adelson donated over $170mn to pro-Republican super PACs in 2020 election cycle

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14
Q

Name 2 PACs, one GOP and one Dem supporting, in the 2020 election and how much they spent

A

American Federation of Teachers - $2.4mil on Dems

National Association of Realtors - $1.9mn on GOP

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15
Q

Name an example for and against of US pressure groups encouraging pluralism

A
  • for: Abortion views coexist e.g EMILY’s list and Planned Parenthood vs. National Right to Life
  • against: elitism - NRA - minority with lots of money over majority
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16
Q

Name an example of US pressure groups representing unheard voices

A

EMILY’s List - help elect Democratic women xandisates

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17
Q

Name an example of a pressure group with power over congress and how it does this

A

NRA - donates large amounts to GOP so they maintain gun laws

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18
Q

Name an example for and against party unity in Congress

A

For: 2018 House: Rep stuck with party 91%, Dem stuck with party 89%

Against: Bipartisan acts e.g COVID CARES

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19
Q

Name an example for parties being renewed in the US

A

Hyperpartisanship - in 2015 there was no ideological overlap at all between the parties

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20
Q

Name an example of parties being in decline

A

Inner party division on key issues e.g Democrats on defunding the police

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21
Q

Name 2 examples of 3rd parties being signifant in US politics

A

2000 Bush v Gore - Gore lost because of Ralph Nader in Florida getting votes

Both main parties co-opted Ross Perot’s policy of a balanced budget after his success

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22
Q

Name an example of 3rd parties being less significant in US politics

A

Not won any votes since George Wallace in 1968

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23
Q

Name 3 examples of Democrat factions and what they stand for

A

New Democrat - centrist, some overlap w/ other factions

Blue Dog - moderate, fiscal responsibility

Congressional Progressive Caucus - left, more liberal

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24
Q

Name an example of a congressperson in two Democrat factions

A

Henry Cuellar - New Democrat and Blue Dog

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25
Q

Name 3 examples of Republican factions and what they stand for

A

Tuesday Group - Moderate

Republican Study Committee - limited gov, traditional values

Freedom caucus - most right, Trump supporters

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26
Q

Name an example of the Republican party become more right wing

A

Republican study committee now includes most Republicans whereas it used to be more right wing members

27
Q

Name 3 examples of Democrat policies

A

Right to abortion

Gun control

Greater equality e.g Medicaid

28
Q

Name 3 examples of Republican policies

A

Low tax

Anti-abortion

Guns allowed protect 2nd amendment

29
Q

Name an example of a local state party

A

Alaskan Independence Party

30
Q

Name an example of how the US parties have changed in the last 50 years

A

Democrat ‘Solid South’ collapsed after Civil Rights Act 1964

Both became less centrist - GOP anti abortion and feminism, religious right; Dems pro LBGT and abrotion

31
Q

Name the 3 organisational features of US parties

A

Lack of a leader

State-based

Interest group involvement informally

32
Q

Name an example of an associated group that organises a party and how it does this

A

Democratic Socialists of America endorsed candidates e.g AOC

33
Q

Name an example of central party structures being important to the election of candidates

A

Steve King (Iowa 4) lost his primary due to House Leader Mitch McConnell removing support due to racist comments

34
Q

Name 4 examples of landmark Civil irghts cases in the US supreme court

A

Brown v Board 1954

Roe v Wade 1973

Obergefell v Hodges 2015

District of Colombia v. Heller 2008

35
Q

Name a landmark Act of Congress that provided civil rights

A

Voting Rights Act 1965 removed restrictions on African American voting

36
Q

What does the 2nd Amendment provide?

A

Right to gun

37
Q

What does the 13th Amendment provide?

A

Abolish slavery

38
Q

What does the 14th Amendment provide?

A

Gave former enslaved people full citizenship and everyone ‘equal protection’ under the law

39
Q

Name 3 amendments that furthered voting rig and what they did

A

15th Amendment - all men

19th Amendment - all women

24th Amendment - right to vote without paying tax (disproportionately affected AA)

40
Q

Who campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment, how many states ratified it, and what would it have provided?

A

NOW (National Organisation for Women)

Ratified by 35 states

Would have prevented discrimination based on gender

41
Q

Name 2 pressure groups that campaign for civil rights and liberites

A

ACLU (libs)

NAACP (rights)

42
Q

In what case was Affirmative action confirmed to be legal?

A

Fisher v University of Texas 2016

43
Q

Name 3 examples civil liberties

A

Freedom of speech

Freedom of Religion

Right to fair trial

44
Q

What percentage of Americans want the electoral college, and when was this survey taken?

A

2020 poll, 61% wanted EC abolished

45
Q

Name an example of the number of competitive districts (those won by less than 10%) changing, and say what this means

A

Decreased from 111 in 1992 to 65 in 2012

Makes it harder for party control to change hands

46
Q

Name one example of a proposition being rejected and one being accepted and say what year they are from

A

2016: Marijuana legalised in California via proposition,

Marijuana proposition defeated in Arizona

47
Q

Say how many recall elections have succeeded in the US. Give an example of one of these, and also of one that failed

A

2 suceeded e.g Gray Davies defeated by Arnold Swarchnejwbsggger in 2003

Failure include 2021 Gavin Newson over ignoring his own COVID guidance

48
Q

How many referendums were there in 2022 in the US?

A

140 statewide ballot measures in 2022

49
Q

What success rate did incumbents have in the 2022 midterms?

A

US House had a 94.5% success rate for incumbents

50
Q

Name an example of key issues shaping voter behaviour

A

2016 Hillary clinton emails

51
Q

Name an example of leaders being more important than parties in presidential elections

A

Trump had 42 million twitter followers, Republican had 2.4 million

52
Q

How many people watched the 2020 Presidential debate?

A

73 million

53
Q

Name an example of money determining election outcome, and one example of money being less significant in outcome

A

Sig: in 2016, over 90% of House candidates that spent the most won their race

Less sig: Trump spent about half of Clinton and still won

54
Q

How many states use runoff elections in their general election process when no candidate receives a majority, and name one of these

A

2: Georgia and Louisiana

55
Q

How many states use runoff elections in their primary elections when no candidate receives a majority (except north carolina where its over 30% of the vote bc theyre weird), and name one of these

A

10 - Alabama or arkansas

56
Q

Name an example for and against saying that the presidential nomination process is too long

A

For: Invisible primaries - Trump announced his intention to run in 2024 in 2022

Against: Prepares candidates, e.g Obama 2008 wasn’t used. to national politics only state level

57
Q

Name an example of split ticket voting changing over time

A

196 split districts in 1984, 16 split districts in 2020

58
Q

Name 2 examples of realigning elections and say who won and what was realigned

A

1968 - Nixon v Humphrey - South turned Republican after civil rights movement

2016 - Trump v Clinton - populism, small town whites in Upper Midwest voted Rep

59
Q

Name 2 example of US voter turnout, one historic and one recent, saying how turnout has changed over time

A

1980: 53% voted, 2020: 62% voted

Increase

60
Q

Name an examples of changing voter demographics

A

More hispanic voters (race that increased most), especially in battleground states like Florida

61
Q

How did 9/11 impact voter behaviour, and how did 2008?

A

9/11: Republican

2008: more populism

62
Q

Name a pressure group that scrutinises government and say what it checks

A

League of conservation voters - holds officials accountable when they vote against environmentally-friendly policies

63
Q

Name a pressure group that countered high levels of absenteeism

A

NAACP

politics examples (5 decks)

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