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politics examples > UK Politics > Flashcards

UK Politics Flashcards

1
Q

What Act allowed certain middle class men with property to vote?

A

1832 Great Reform Act

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2
Q

What Act enfranchised women over 30 with certain property and all men over 21?

A

Representation of the People Act 1918

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3
Q

What Act enfranchised everyone over 21 regardless of gender or wealth?

A

Representation of the People Act 1928

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4
Q

What Act enfranchised everyone over 18 regardless of gender or wealth?

A

Representation of the people Act 1969

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5
Q

What were 16 year olds allowed to vote in?

A

Scotland Referendum

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6
Q

Name an example of the Chartist’s methods of pressure

A

3 petitions (rejected as Parliament was dominated by aristocracy)

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7
Q

Name 3 statistics showing how election turnout has changed over time in the UK

A

80% in 1950
60% in 2001
70% in 2017

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8
Q

Give an example for and against there being a participation crisis

A

Conservatives membership 2.5 mil in 1950 to 125k in 2018

SNP membership quardrupled after Indyref - 125k in 2018

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9
Q

Turnout of Brexit referendum

A

72%

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10
Q

Name 2 events that have caused disillusionment with MPs

A

2009 expenses scandal
2020 Partygate

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11
Q

Name 2 example of the Suffragettes’ method of pressure

A

Burned down churches, vandalised Oxford street

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12
Q

Name 2 example of the Suffragist’s method of pressure

A

Peaceful protests, petitions

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13
Q

Name 3 examples of direct democracy being used in the UK

A

Eu referendum

AV referendum

Scottish independence

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14
Q

What was the turnout for the Scottish independence referendum?

A

85%

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15
Q

What was the AV referendum turnout?

A

42%

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16
Q

Name 3 ways democracy could be improved in the UK

A

Reform House of Lords

Reform devolution

Reform monarchy

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17
Q

Name an example of e-democracy being used in the UK

A

Almost 150k people signed an online petition calling for a second Brexit referendum

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18
Q

Name an example of FPTP being liked in the UK

A

AV rejected in 2011

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19
Q

Name 2 examples of FPTP being ineffective in the UK

A

2015: UKIP 3.9mn votes but only 2 seats

Doesn’t always lead to majority: 2010, 2017

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20
Q

Say where the Supplementary vote is used in the UK

A

Mayors in England

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21
Q

Say where the Single Transferrable
vote is used in the UK

A

Northern Irish Parliament, Local Scottish Councils

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22
Q

Say 3 places where the Additional Member system is used in the UK

A

Scottish Parliament

Welsh Assembly

Greater london Assembly election

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23
Q

Name an example of an election where party policy influenced the outcome

A

2019 and Get Brexit Done

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24
Q

Name an example of an election where media and party image influenced the outcome

A

1983 Thatcher / 2019 against Corbyn

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25
Q

For the 1983 General election, say who won, what their majority was, 2 important factors that determined the outcome, and what the outcome meant for the government

A

Conservatives won - 144 seat majority

Shows importance of media and party unity (labour had internal division)

Majority allowed Thatcher to provatise and weaken trade unions

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26
Q

For the 1997 General election, say who won, what their majority was, 2 important factors that determined the outcome, and what the outcome meant for the government

A

Labour Blair

Party image and media (New labour centrist - murdoch on side -and blair charismatic)

Majority allowed constitutional reforms e.g devolution, HRA, FOI act

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27
Q

For the 2019 General election, say who won, what their majority was, 2 important factors that determined the outcome, and what the outcome meant for the government

A

Conservatives- 80 seat majority

Key issues (Brexit) and demographics (Age became determining factor, class dealignment)

Meant policy making was easier for Bozza

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28
Q

How does the 1983 General Election show the influence of FPTP on outcome?

A

The Alliance (3rd party) received 25% of vote but just 23 seats

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29
Q

How does the 2019 General Election show the influence of FPTP on voter outcome? with 2 statistics

A

Overrewarded Conservatives by 12% and SNP by 36%

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30
Q

Name 2 examples of English devolution failing

A

EVEL dropped

Northeast devolution rejected in 2004 referendum

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31
Q

Name an example of referendums being negative

A

Voters easily swayed - Brexit Boris red bus

32
Q

Name an example of volatile public voting during referendums

A

referendum in 2016 - 52%/48% to leave, YouGov poll 2017 shows 48%/52% to remain

33
Q

What was the key determinant in voter behaviour in the 2017 election?

A

Age

34
Q

How has the impact of class on voter behaviour changed over time?

A

Working class usually labour but has changed recently - perhaps less tolerant of immigrants?

35
Q

What percentage of BAME voters voted for Labour in 2019

A

64%

36
Q

Name 3 examples of Conservative policy in recent years

A
  • Anti-immigration (Rwanda)
  • Brexit
  • Austerity - pre covid reduced budget deficit to 2% from 10% in 2008
  • Defence spending - aid to Ukraine
37
Q

Name 3 recent examples of Labour party policy

A
  • Devolution
  • Reduce inequality - abolish non-domestic tax status
  • Environment - windfall tax
38
Q

Name 3 recent examples of Liberal Democrat party policy

A
  • Voting reform - AV referendum
  • Legalisation of cannabis
  • Revoke Article 50 and stop Brexir
39
Q

How does the selection process of the Conservative party leader differ from Labour and Lib Dems?

A

MPs vote to determine two candidates, whereas for Lab/LD there is a ballot with many candidates

40
Q

Name 2 examples of MP candidate selection being more inclusive

A

Labour - All-women shortlists

Conservative - priority lists for BAME and women candidates

41
Q

How is the Conservative party policy selection process undemocratic? with example

A

Written by a small number of high ranking officials

e.g Cameron 2010 x written by him, Oliver Lewtin and Steve Hilton

42
Q

Name the two Acts that restricted party funding, and say what they did

A

2000 Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act: limited party spending to £30000 per constituency in elections

2009 Political Parties and Elections Act: More restrictions, especially on non-UK nationals, Electoral commission can investigate and impose fines

43
Q

What percentage of donations did a. The conservatives and b. Labour receive in 2019?

A

Cons- 63%
Lab - 18%

44
Q

Where did the majority of a. Conservative and b. Labour funding come from in the 2019 election?

A

Cons - individuals
Lab - trade unions

45
Q

What did the Sun claim in the 1992 General Election?

A

That it was responsible for the Conservative victory as it supported them

46
Q

Name 2 examples of state funding for parties and say what they do

A

Short money - paid to opposition parties for admin costs

Policy Development Grants - Allocated a share of £2mn to develop policy IF 2 OR MORE MPS

47
Q

Name an evidence of the two party system in the UK

A

Either Conservatives or Labour have been in power since 1920s

48
Q

Name an evidence of a multiparty system in the UK

A

Coalition in 2010-2015, 2017 minority so Cons depended on DUP support

49
Q

Name an example of elitism in UK party funding

A

Labour - Blair took £1mn from Bernie Ecclestone in exchange for an exemption on tobacco advertising bans

50
Q

Name an example of third parties influencing vote outcome

A

Barnsley Central 2019 - Brexit party secured 30% of vote but Labour won - votes may have gone to Tories instead

51
Q

How did age affect voter outcome in 2019?

A

For every 10 years older a person is, they were 9% more likelu to vote Conservatice

52
Q

Name an example of class dealignment in elections

A

2017: ABC1 (richer) and C2DE (poorer) - Conservatives performed equally well with 44% vote in both

53
Q

Name an example of insider pressure group influencing governments

A

BMA gives government advice on NHS policy

54
Q

What percentage of Labour funding comes from trade unions?

A

58%

55
Q

Name an example of an outsider pressure group and a success and a failire

A

Greenpeace
Success: Ban on microbeads from campaign
Failure: Methods criticised for being disruptive e.g shutting down a coals station in 2007

56
Q

Name an insider pressure group, with one success and one failure

A

BMA
Success: Opt-out organ donation system
Failure: Junior doctors still severely underpaid

57
Q

Name an example of the government ignoring an influential pressure group

A

BMA doctor’s strike 2016

58
Q

Name an example of legislation passed due to pressure groups

A

Ban private ownership of handguns 1997 - Snowdrop Campaign after Dunblane massacre

59
Q

Name an example of shady lobbying in gov

A

2015 ‘cash for access’ scandal: 2 MPs revealed to be prepared to lobby for companies for large sums of money

60
Q

Evidence of low turnout in second order elections

A

2012 15% turnout in Police and Crime Commissioner elections

61
Q

Name an example of pressure groups creating tension and working against each other

A

anti-fox hunting groups clash with Countryside Alliance (outsider, causal), always groups which are in conflict

62
Q

what evidence is there that participation in pressure groups is preferred to parties?o

A

National Trust (insider, causal) membership is 4 million, Cons 125k

63
Q

Name an example of a pressure group successfully implementing reform

A

Action on Smoking and Health (insider, causal) success in banning smoking in public workplaces (2007)

64
Q

Name an example of pressure groups creating better representation

A

Howard League (insider, causal) campaigns for better prison conditions; secure books for prisoners from family in 2014

65
Q

Name 3 aims of the EU

A

Promote Peace

Combat discrimination

Establish a monetary union

66
Q

Name an example for and against the EU successfully achieving its aim of establishing a monetary union

A

For: All except Denmark use euro, 2nd most traded currency

Ag: Eurozone crisi

67
Q

Name an example for and against the EU successfully achieving its aim of promoting peace

A

For: No wars since WW2, democracy
Ag: Russia and terrorism

68
Q

Name an example for and against the EU successfully achieving its aim of reducing discrimination

A

For: EU law protects individuals rights
Ag! Anti immigration sentiment

69
Q

Name a piece of evidence for and against the EU having a democratic deficit

A

For: European commission unelected

Ag: EU parliament elected, member states must be a democracy

70
Q

What was the outcome of Brexit?

A

52% Leave, 48% Remain

71
Q

Name an example for and against the UK leaving the EU restoring Parliamentary sovereignty

A

For: UK law can now go against EU law
Ag: Less negotiation power worldwide

72
Q

Name an example of a collective responsibility resignation from Cabinet, their role, and why they resigned, date

A

Boris Johnson as foreign secretary in 2018 due to disagreement with Theresa May’s Brexit strategy

73
Q

Name 2 examples of collective responsibility being under strain

A

2014 Gove and May - public disagreement over schools and radicalisation

Coalition - lots of criticism from Lib Dems over immigration and Europe

74
Q

Name an example of a PM having to include someone in Cabinet they didn’t want to

A

May and Boris Johnson - made him foreign sec so he would be under collective responsibility- lowkey didn’t work

75
Q

UK Turnout in 2014 European Parliment election

A

42%

76
Q

Name an example of Brexit impact on fisheries

A

Commons All-party parliamentary group survey : reported financial losses and border struggles, larger EU vessels have some access to UK waters until 2026

politics examples (5 decks)

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