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Fremd > US History Winter Finals 2024 > Flashcards

US History Winter Finals 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

abolitionism

A

the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world

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2
Q

progressive reformers

A

people who work to promote or bring change to society for a variety of reasons

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3
Q

prohibition

A

ban on the sale and import of alcoholic beverages

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4
Q

suffrage

A

the right to vote in public, and political elections and referendums

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5
Q

temperance

A

a movement to limit drinking in the US

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6
Q

anti-federalist

A

an individual who believes that a strong central (national) government will abuse its citizens

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7
Q

Give an example of an anti-federalist.

A

Thomas Jefferson

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8
Q

confederation

A

the local/state government is stronger than the national government

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9
Q

Give an example of a confederation.

A

Articles of Confederation

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10
Q

democracy

A

a government that places power in the citizens

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11
Q

Give an example of a democracy.

A

ancient Athens, Greece

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12
Q

egalitarianism

A

a philosophy that believes all people should be treated equally and have equal opportunities

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13
Q

federalism

A

the national and state government share powers, but the national government is stronger

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14
Q

What is this an example of? In the USA, weed is illegal, but in Illinois they’ve decided it’s not. However, the national gov. can come and change this at any time.

A

federalism

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15
Q

federalist

A

an individual who supports a strong central (national) government

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16
Q

Give an example of a federalist.

A

Alexander Hamilton

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17
Q

monarchy

A

ruled by a King or Queen, who holds power and passes it down through generations

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18
Q

Give an example of a monarchy.

A

Great Britain

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19
Q

republic

A

individuals select representatives to speak for the collective

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20
Q

Give an example of a republic.

A

USA

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21
Q

What’s a quick way to remember what a republic is?

A

REPublic = REPresent

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22
Q

annexation

A

a formal addition

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23
Q

Black codes

A

laws that were specifically written with the intention of limiting or restricting the freedom of those who recently acquired it (in this case, Black people)

24
Q

border states

A

states along the Missouri Compromise line which were crucial for transporting goods and who stayed loyal to the Union

25
Name the six border states.
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and the now-split Virginia and West Virginia
26
literacy test
a test that potential votes take to prove their level of education
27
Why were the literacy tests unjust?
They were purposefully rigged for non-white people to prevent them from voting
28
Manifest Destiny
the belief that it is inevitable that the US will expand across the continent, spreading its values, culture, and way of life
29
5 reasons for the Manifest Destiny
God-given right Land = wealth Immigration is cramping the land Americans were “more civilized” Limits the European involvement in the Western hemisphere
30
poll tax
a fee/payment in order to vote
31
popular sovereignty
a political idea that the government’s power comes from the people it governs
32
What was the Grandfather Clause and why was it unjust?
If your grandfather could vote before 1867, you did not have to take the literacy test; rigged against Black people
33
What is the Reconstruction Era and when did it exist?
1865-1877; 12 years of putting the USA back together after the Civil War
34
What does the Reconstruction Era do?
Includes readmitting Southern states into the Union and reorganizing society after abolishing slavery Sets the pattern of racial relations in America, as well as the national government’s role in promoting racial equality (if any role)
35
secession
the act of formally withdrawing
36
sharecropping
a corrupt system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop and a majority of the profits
37
assembly line (definition and effects)
each worker has a specific task as the product moves through the line of workers; increased efficiency and production amounts
38
entrepreneurs (definition and beliefs)
risk takers who launched new businesses; believed in capitalism (private business runs most industries, competition determines prices & wages)
39
horizontal integration (definition and process)
companies join together the produce similar products; usually when one corporation buys out another’s stocks
40
labor union
group of workers who fight for issues and negotiate terms of services when one worker doesn’t have the power to
41
mass marketing
ads in the newspapers helped retailers looking to maximize profits
42
monopoly (definition and effect)
a single seller of a product, good, or service; eiminates competition in the industry, lets the monopoly control all prices
43
muckrakers
critics who “raked through the muck” to find proof of the captains harming the industries
44
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act and when was it put into effect?
1890; a law that sought to eliminate monopolies and trusts
45
What is social darwinism? What is it based on and what were the effects?
an idea perpetuated by billionaires and captain industries that struggling people needed to learn to survive without help from government Based on darwinism (natural selection, only the fittest survive) Many small businesses developed into corporations
46
vertical integration
buying out supplies to control the materials and transportation; owning all of the steps needed in creating a finished product
47
What is xenophobia and how did it manifest during this time?
fear of foreigners; in this particular time, it was people with foreign-sounding names
48
John D. Rockefeller
Founder of Standard Oil using horizontal consolidation to reduce competition
49
Andrew Carnegie
Transforming the steel industry by adopting the Bessemer Process as well as the use of vertical integration
50
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Dominated the railroad industry by controlling as many lines
51
Henry Ford
Founder of Ford Motor Company was able to mass produce an affordable car for the public through the use of the Assembly line
52
Jane Addams
Founder of the Hull House providing resources of many immigrant women
53
Jacob Riis
Through the use of photography he captured how the “other half lives”
54
Upton Sinclair
Author of The Jungle which publicize the dangers in the meatpacking industry and working/ living conditions.
55
Ida Tarbell
A muckraker whose actions helped towards creating the Sherman Antitrust Act

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