US History to 1865 Final Flashcards
1
Q
________ issued a neutrality proclamation in May of 1793 bc he felt that this would stop debates about supporting sides
A
Washington
2
Q
Slaves in the French colony of Haiti rebelled against their owners in the ______ _____
A
Haitian Revolution
3
Q
_____ ______ was elected the 2nd president of the US
A
John Adams
4
Q
____ _____ with France prompted the Federalists to seek potential war with them. French ministers tried to ___ Americans
A
Maritime disputes, bribe
5
Q
____ _____ occured when a Virginian slave plotted a revolt modelled on the Haitian slave rebellion. Though it never materialized, knowledge of the plan heightened general anxiety in the US over the continued possibility of slaves
A
Gabriel’s Rebellion
6
Q
_____ ______ meant that Jefferson sought to symbolically scale back the tastes and pageantry of previous administrations
A
Republican Simplicity
7
Q
___ and ______ went on an expedition (hired by Jefferson) to investigate Indian territory from Mississippi River out to the Pacific Ocean
A
Lewis, Clark
8
Q
_______ + _________ occured when France and England pressed the US not to aid their enemies
A
Barbary Wars, Maritime Troubles
9
Q
The ______ Act of 1807 prohibited American Ships from engaging in trade in any foreign post
A
Embargo
10
Q
____ ____ ran for president and won in 1808, he was the 4th president and he wrote the Constitution of the United States and was a main supporter of central government in America
A
James Madison
11
Q
______ continued foreign policy liked Jefferson
A
Madison
12
Q
_____ ____ was the presidentress of the United States - she modeled the idea of what a First Lady would look like and she became a key player in society in D.C>
A
Dolley Madison
13
Q
_____ tribes, led by Chief Tecumseh, solidified his Indian Confederacy in the Northwest Territory
A
Shawnee
14
Q
Indiana’s governor, ____ ____ ____, made agreements with other tribal leaders to buy 3 million acres of Indian land which ended up infuriating Tecumseh, the Indian leader
A
William Henry Harrison
15
Q
_____ marched through Europe during 1812 and Americans questioned whether they should be on the side of the French or the English
A
Napolean
16
Q
The strict Embargo Act was replaced with a ___ _______ ____ in 1809 that allowed trade with foreign powers outside of England, France, and their colonies
A
non-intercourse act
17
Q
In 1810 the Non Intercourse Act expired and Congress allowed for ____ with foreign powers
A
trade
18
Q
Henry Clay and John Calhoun led the group called the ___ ___
A
Wark Hawks
19
Q
The US attacked _____ but did not gain much over the course of two and a half years
A
Canada
20
Q
Indians led by Tecumseh gained in strength and sided with the _______
A
British
21
Q
In August of 1814, the British offensive of British Ships began in _________ ____
A
Chesapeake Bay
22
Q
In 1814, during the battle of 1812, DC was thrown into panic and people rushed to _____ as the city ____
A
evacuate, burned
23
Q
_____ _____ grabbed a portrait of George Washington and President Madison’s papers
A
Dolley Maddison
24
Q
It was during the burning of DC amid the Battle of 1812 that ___ ___ ___ composed the Star Spangled Banner
A
Francis Key Scott
25
____ ____ _____ occured when Jacksons force was resoundingly victorious in the battle against the british
Battle of New Orleans
26
The ____ of _____ was signed between the British and the US in 1815
Treaty, Ghent
27
The ____ of _____ gave a rise of American nationalism as Americans fought the British and won the right to their land. The biggest winners were the War Hawks who carried the Republican party in new directions while the biggest losers were the Indians
War, 1812
28
Virginian Republicans maintained a hold on the presidency as _______ was elected in 1816 and 1820
James Monroe
29
The ________ Compromise occurred in 1820 and raised the issue of whether another slave state should be admitted to the Union
Missouri
30
The ____ _______ caused the American Continents by free constitution which they have assumed are not to be assumed as subjects for future colonization
Monroe Doctrine
31
___ ____ ____ was president during the era of the Republican Complexity
John Quincy Adams
32
The Virginian Dynasty included ______, _________, and _____
Jefferson, Adams, and Monroe
33
Confidence and an _______ spirit increased in America after 1815
entrepreneurial
34
_____ _____ includes changes in transportation, texture mills and factories creating jobs, innovation and legal practices, as well as an increase in tarriffs
Market revolution
35
____ _______ are led by private investors and companies who gained monopolies over stagecoach, canal, steamboat, and railway routes
travel innovations
36
rapid expansion of ______ occured after 1815 and included textile mills and shoemaking as well as factory style organization
manufacturing
37
the ____ ______ of Europe occurred in 1819 and worsened the situation in the US which was experiencing a contraction of funds as banking called in loans
financial crisis
38
The 1828 Election occurred between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Jackson was referred to as ___ ______
Old Hickory
39
The Election of _____ was the first presidential election in which the president was determined by popular vote
1828
40
By 1834/36, National republicans called themselves "_____
and Democratic Republicans called themselves "_____
Whigs, Democrats
41
_____ won the '34 election by popular vote. He believed in limited federal government
Jackson
42
____ _____ suffrage became a popular topic - individuals desired freedom to vote regardless of the amount of land they owned
white male
43
__________ democratic agenda was committed to his image as a "_____ _____". He had an aggressive frontier policy
Jackson's, common man
44
Jackson believed that _____ removal was paramount in American
Indian
45
The _____ ______ was the campaign for moral reform in American that occured in the late 1830s
Temperance Movement
46
By the late 1830's, _____ became a divisive topic
slavery
47
_______ leaned in sympathy toward the Whig Party
Abolitionists
48
Jackson defined the ____ party and discussed politics of opportunity
democrats
49
Jackson caused the Indian removal route of 1830 causing the ____ __ __
Trail of Tears
50
Jackson passed the _____ ______ Act of 1830
Indian Removal
51
During the ___ ____, the banks had concentrated undue economic power in the hands of few
Bank War
52
During the _____ of ______ national debt disappeared and a surplus of government funds caused the general economic pressure of 1837
Panic, 1837
53
___ ____ ____ had a one term presidency which took the brunt of the 1837 panic and worked to stabilize financial panic
Martin Van Buren's
54
The ____ _____ was the idea that white Americans by Providence had a mission to expand Westward
Manifest Destiny
55
There was a dispute between Britain and the US as to whether _____ Country belonged to them
Oregon
56
The _____ _____ occurred in 1830 when Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Mormon Exodus
57
In 1821, ____ won its independence from the United States, and in 1829, it sought more independence
Mexico
58
At the ________, rebels took refuge in this Franciscan mission during the course of which the Mexican army shot 300 men and killed 137 of those at the refuge
Alamo
59
President _____ was supportive of the idea of annexing Texas; before he entered office Texas was officially annexed to the US
Polk
60
During the ___ _____ War, General Zachary Taylor in Texas took 4000 men in an army to the banks of the Rio Grande (the dividing line of dispute) into Mexico
Mexican American
61
General ____ ____ was the US General primarily involved with the Mexican Award
Zachary Taylor
62
The Mexican American War was also called ____ _____
Polk's War
63
General _____ successfully helped American push South
Taylor
64
_____ ____ were discovered in the American River near the Sierra Nevada in 1848
Gold Flakes
65
the ___ ____ occurred between 1849 and 1852 and caused more than 250,000 49ers to move to the Golden State. This also attracted a lot of _____
gold rush, immigrants
66
By 1860, there was economic and ______ growth in American
industrial
67
____ ____ patterned an innovative plow that quickened work in 1837
John Deere
68
___ _____ developed a wheat reaper that made harvesting quicker
Cyrus McCormick
69
By 1850, ____ traversed over 9000 miles of track, motlu in New England and in the Mid Atlantic States
trains
70
Railroads quickened transportation and allowed for the massive growth of the ____ and _____ industries
Iron, coal
71
The _____ also boomed around the time of 1844 to prevent train crashes
telegraph
72
____ ______ was the idea that as a laborer, you were also free and independent and may benefit and grow from your wages - this could lead you to higher positions in society, even without prior connections or inheritance
free labor
73
Freed black abolitionists such as ____ ____ pushed abolitionist rights
Frederick Douglas
74
By the 1830s, ______ stretched from Southern Virginia to central Texas
Cotton
75
By 1860 many Southern States had _____ (albeit enslaved) majorities
black
76
The ______ ______ position was that white southerners were caring for slaves and argued that states had the right to regulate slavery
pro-slavery
77
The major cash crops of the Plantation Economy were ____, ____, _____, and _____
cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco
78
the south was ______ and ____ based
agricultural, slave
79
the plantation culture was based on the code of _____
chivalry
80
slaves most often worked as ___ ____
field hands
81
plantation belt _____ lived within the orbit of the planter class and were able to make some profit off crops
yeomen
82
slave holding political officials tried to win the sway of _____ class folk
lower
83
There was an ______ evolution in the South with the cotton plantation economy booming
industrial
84
the _____ _____ had to do with the acquisition of territory from Mexico during which there was a heated debate as to whether slavery should be allowed or not.
Wilmot Proviso
85
PA Democrat, ___ _____ proposed that Congress ban slavery from all territory acquired in war.
David Wilmot
86
___ ____ propositions got supported from those against freedoms for african Americans, aka "white man's proviso"
Free soil
87
During the election of ____, fragmentation of parties concerning the slavery concreted that Democrats were pro-slavery
1848
88
Anti-slavery whigs and democrats called for a new party called the ___ _____ party which nominated VanBuren
free soil
89
______ won the 1848 election and took a free soil approach to the new territories
Taylor
90
The ______ of ______ was created through legislation guided by IL and settled an uneasy compromise between the North & South - it admitted that CA was a free state, and determined the TX boundary.
Compromise of 1850
91
Northerners began to see the brutality of slavery through novels like Uncle Tom's Cabin written by ____ _____
Harriet Beecher Stowe
92
Northerner's resistance to the ____ ___ ___ upset the South
Fugitive Slave Law
93
in the ______ election, the whig party divided between the North and South, anti and pro-slavery
1852
94
In 1852, Democrats successfully elected ____ of New Hampshire
Piercer
95
The ____ _____ act dealt with the issue of railroad building which led to disputes about territores becoming states -> Senator Douglas introduced this act which settled the dispute
Kansas Nebraska
96
The ____ _____ were a nativist movement that was anti-catholic and often called the "American party" - they kept their information to themselves
know-nothings
97
The Election of 1856 was Freemont vs. Buchanan. The ______ (Freemont) wanted to make all territory free and ______labeled Republicans extremists
republicans, democrats
98
__ ______ became a key point of conflict after the KS NE Act of 1854, and was the prelude to the Civil War. It occured because KS elected a pro-slavery gov. and an anti-slavery gov. causing fightin to start on May 21 of 1856
Bleeding Kansas
99
____ ____ was a radical anti-slavery soldier who attacked pro-slavery individuals at Pottawatomie
John Brown
100
THe 1857 Supreme Court Trial ____ vs. ____ ruled that MS slave sued for freedom based on his traveling to different states could not be free on account of the fact that he was not a citizen and his home state was a slave state
Scott v. Sanford
101
The Supreme Court Scott v. Sanford declared the ____ ____ to be unconstitutional
Missouri Compromise
102
the ____ _____ Debates occurred seven times prior to Douglas' winning of Douglas
Lincoln Douglas
103
___ ____ occurred when democratic candidates were not secessionists after the election and southerners considered their options ... SC seceded first
secession winter
104
"____ ______ " president is one who successor has already been elected causing him to just be waiting plaintively in office
lame duck
105
_____ was a lame duck president and did nothing about secession
Buchanan
106
Lincoln had a _______ tone in his inauguration speech as his main goal of the presidency was an end to _______
conciliatory, secession
107
First shot of the Civil War occurred at ____ ___
Fort Sumter
108
Fort Sumter surrendered to the _____
South
109
The North was infuriated at the occurrence at Sumter. Lincoln called up 75,000 men and Northern ____ denounced the South, including Senator Douglas
Democrats
110
Many in the _____ denounced ____ for not "upholing the peace" he had promised
South, Lincoln
111
_______ _____initally denounced the secession of the southern states but eventually fought on behalf of VA when it seceded
Robert Lee
112
The _____ Strategy of the Civil war was that it would win through land mass and military strategy called "offensive defensive" as devised by Jefferson
Southern
113
The ________ strategy of the Civil War was that if the North did nothing, the south by default would be soverign .... they declared a naval blockade of the Confederacy
Northern
114
____ ______ was president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He had war and political experience but little capcity for large military strategy
Jefferson Davis
115
_____ ______ had little political experience but proved to be a strong leader as the President of the US during the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
116
before secession, much of the US army had been scattered across the west fighting ______
Indians
117
the Capitol of Union ______ and Confederacy _____ were only 90 miles apart
D.C., Richmond
118
The Battle of ____ _____ or ________ ended in the retreat of the Union forces as confederates were resupplied with reinforcements
Bull Run, Manasses
119
Lincoln replaced McDowell with ______, who had a contrasting personality to Lee. He was temporarily replaced by Pope but then put back in for the battle of Antietem
McClellan
120
The Battle of ________ was the bloodiest day of the whole war, Union forces had a copy of Lee's orders which a confederate troop had wrapped around cigars he had carelessly dropped
Antietam
121
_____ _____ emerged as key general and led troops to capture Ft. Henry on the Tennessee River and forced COnfederates to withdraw
Ulysses Grant
122
____ ____ were wooden ships layered with 2 inches of armor plate which caused some damage by sinking Union ships but no definitive confederate victories
ironclad frigates
123
Lincoln made it clear that an alliance with the Confederacy was an alliance with _____
slavery
124
____ control of congress pushed for more abolitionist laws such as the Confiscation Act of 1861
Republican
125
Lincoln's _____ Proclamation occured in 1863 and was a huge movement in the freedom of all slaves
Emancipation
126
___ ____ was subsizidized by the Union government to create a fast mailing system in the US
Pony Express
127
Battles of ____ and ____ were essential to the turning point of the Civil War
Vicksburg, Gettysburg
128
Victory of the Union occurred at the battle of ______
Chattanooga
129
Battle of _______ was a battle of the Union and confederates in the woods in which both lost many men
wilderness
130
Siege of _____ occured when Grant cut railroad and laid siege to the confederate capitol
Siege
131
______ March to the ______ occured when Sherman marched 100,000 men all the way from TN to GA and burned GA
Sherman's March to the Sea
132
Surrender of General Grant occured at _______ Court House in VA
Appomattox
133
One day after the Civil War, Lincoln was _____ at ____ ___
assasinated, Ford's Theater
134
With france and England at War, President George Washington proposed to _____ ______
remain neutral
135
As a Secretary of the Treasury, who proposed a national central bank modeled on the Bank of England>
Hamilton
136
Which rebellion did President Gorge Washington lead a military force again?
Whiskey Rebellion
137
Under President ________ the US expanded its territory west with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 from the French
Jefferson, Louisiana Purchase
138
Which first Lady Hosted "squeezes" at the White House?
Dolley Madison
139
A Native American confederacy led by Tecumseh allied with the British French or Americans in the War of 1812?
British
140
Which major city was burned by the British in the War of 1812?
Washington, D.C.
141
Which general led US troops to a decisive, though uneccessary victory at the Battle of New Orleans?
Jackson
142
Which 3 Republican presidents made up the Virginia Dynasty?
Jefferson, Madison, Monroe
143
Lewis and Clark were supposed to learn more about ________ ____ _____
native american territory
144
What was the one of the main strengths of the Confederacy?
Area of land controlled
145
Who was the president of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
146
Which battle was the bloodiest day of the Civil War?
Antietam
147
Which Union general led the North to victories in the Western Theater?
Grant
148
Lincoln signed which document which proclaimed all slaves free?
The Emancipation Proclamation
149
What two battles were significant turning points in the Civil War?
Vicksburg, Gettysburg
150
Which presidential canidate in 1828 was known for his image as a rough military frontiersman and a common man
Andrew Jackson
151
What was Andrew Jackson's nickname?
Old Hickorry
152
What were some new political features of the 1828 election?
Popular election for president and all white men, even those without property, could vote
153
Jackson's Indian Removal Policy of 1830 caused Georgia Cherokee Indians to leave for Indian Territory via a route called
The Trail of Tears
154
Whig politicians pushed for policies related to
abolition and moral reform
155
Which democratic president pushed for the annexation of Texas and war with Mexico?
Poke
156
A mormon exodus settled around the Great Salt Lakes in what would later be the state of ____-
Utah
157
Two American political parties in the 1830s and 1840s were the _______ (Nationalist Republicans) and ______ (Democratic Republicans)
Whigs, Democrats
