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US History - HSE Mama G > US History Semester 1 Exam > Flashcards

US History Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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2
Q

What amendment began prohibition in the US?

A

18th amendment

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3
Q

Which president was blamed for not doing enough to get the US out of the Great Depresion?

A

Herbert Hoover

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4
Q

What was Franklin Roosevelt’s plan for getting the US out of the depression called?

A

The New Deal

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5
Q

What was name of the first government of the US.?

A

The Articles of Confederation

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6
Q

What name was given to the investigative journalists who worked to expose the “dirt” such as business corruption, poor housing conditions, etc.?

A

Muckrakers

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7
Q

Name the industrialist who created the Standard Oil Company and a monopoly in the oil industry.

A

John D. Rockefeller

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8
Q

Who was the president of the US during World War I?

A

Woodrow Wilson

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9
Q

Who were the “Big Four” Allies who created the Treaty of Versailles following WWI?

A

Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States

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10
Q

Why did the US Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

A

They did not want the US to be part of the League of Nations

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11
Q

Why were the US Senate and others opposed to the US becoming part of the League of Nations following WWI?

A

They did not want the US pulled into the affairs of other countries or possibly a foreign war.

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12
Q

Who was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during WWI?

A

General John J. Pershing

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13
Q

What killed even more Americans during World War I than the fighting on the battlefields in Europe?

A

The influenza epidemic

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14
Q

What were the causes of the start of World War I in Europe?

A

Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

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15
Q

Why was the US so upset by contents of the Zimmerman Telegram?

A

Germany was proposing an alliance with Mexico to enter WWI

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16
Q

What issue of the Progressive Movement did reformers Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, and Carrie Chapman Catt have in common?

A

Women’s suffrage

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17
Q

Jacob Riis used his skills as a photographer to highlight what problem created by urbanization of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Living conditions of immigrants and the poor

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18
Q

Whose assassination is considered the ‘spark’ that ignited the fighting of WWI in Europe?

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

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19
Q

What was President Wilson’s plan called for creating a lasting peace in the world after WWI ended?

A

The 14 Points

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20
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that punished Germany for their role in WWI?

A

Loss of German territory to other countries
Reduction of the German army
German navy is dismantled
Germany must pay reparations to the Allies
Germany must take the blame for the war (guilt clause)

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21
Q

What was the purpose of creating the League of Nations as part of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

To give countries a way to discuss problems and find solutions before a war occurred.

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22
Q

Which amendment to the Constitution was a result of the temperance movement?

A

The 18th amendment

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23
Q

Which of the following reformers focused her work on improving working conditions for women and ending child labor?
A. Ida Tarbell
B. Ida B Wells
C. Jane Addams
D. Florence Kelly

A

D. Florence Kelly

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24
Q

What two groups formed over the arguments of ratifying the Constitution and the power of the new government?

A

The Federalists and Anti-Federalists

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25
Q

What land purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States?

A

The Louisiana Purchase

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26
Q

What major waterway did the Louisiana Purchase give the US control of?

A

The Mississippi River

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27
Q

What issue caused the most controversy in the debates and writing a new constitution to replace the Articles?

A

Representation in Congress

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28
Q

How did the Great Compromise settle the issues of representation in the Congress as the Constitution was written?

A

Created a TWO house Congress; The House of Representatives was based on the population of the states; the Senate has equal representation for each state.

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29
Q

How would slaves be counted for representation to satisfy both the northern and southern states?

A

3/5 of slaves would be counted for population and for taxation

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30
Q

Who became the first president of the United States?

A

George Washington

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31
Q

Which president made the statement in the 1820s that European countries should stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere?

A

James Monroe

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32
Q

Which president strengthened the Monroe Doctrine with his ‘Corollary’ by stating the US would use our military power to police the Western Hemisphere if necessary?

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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33
Q

What progressive reforms did Theodore Roosevelt try to create as president?

A

Protecting the environment (expanding the National Park Service), protecting consumers (Pure Food & Drug act, etc.), limiting big business by ending trusts and monopolies (enforce Sherman Anti-Trust Act)

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34
Q

Which amendment gave suffrage to all men regardless of race?

A

15th amendment

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35
Q

Which organization formed during the Progressive era was a result of the work and ideas of Ida B. Wells?

A

NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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36
Q

Which 1820 agreement in Congress settled the issue of slavery in the land of the Louisiana Purchase?

A

The Missouri Compromise

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37
Q

As part of the Missouri Compromise, which state was admitted to the Union as a free state?

A

Maine

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38
Q

The Compromise of 1850 repealed the 36, 30 boundary line for slave/free areas set up by the Missouri Compromise. This new compromise set up what plan for territories to decide the slavery question in the future?

A

Popular sovereignty

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39
Q

How did the process of popular sovereignty work for deciding the slavery question in the western territories?

A

Citizens in the territory would vote whether to become a slave state or a free state.

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40
Q

Which state was nicknamed “bleeding” because of violence there between pro-slavery and anti-slavery citizens?

A

Kansas

41
Q

What important decision was made by the Supreme Court in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford?

A

Dred Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in court; He was still a slave, even though he had been taken to a free state; Slaves were property and could be taken anywhere.

42
Q

What event finally caused the southern slave states to secede from the Union and form the Confederacy?

A

The 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln as president

43
Q

What was Abraham Lincoln’s position on slavery when he was running for president?

A

He was opposed to the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

44
Q

Which president supported and signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830?

A

Andrew Jackson

45
Q

Where did the Indian Removal Act move native groups such as the Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole?

A

West of the Mississippi River to territory that would later be the state of Oklahoma

46
Q

What nickname was given to westward path taken by the Native Americans of the southeast US because of the suffering and death that occurred along the way?

A

The Trail of Tears

47
Q

What country did the US fight against during the War of 1812?

A

Great Britain

48
Q

Which amendment was a result of the women’s suffrage movement?

A

The 19th amendment

48
Q

What rights does amendment 14 guarantee to all citizens of the US?

A

Equal protection of the law
Due process of law

49
Q

What nickname was given to young women of the 1920s who left behind traditional values, raised their hemlines, and bobbed their hair?

A

Flappers

50
Q

People who made alcohol illegally, or even smuggled it, were called _______.

A

Bootleggers

51
Q

During the 1920s a ‘speakeasy’ was a name given to what type of business?

A

An illegal bar

52
Q

What was the controversial topic at the heart of the Scopes trial?

A

The teaching of the theory of evolution

53
Q

Who was the president of the US when the stock market crashed in 1929?

A

Herbert Hoover

54
Q

What belief was held by many Americans in the 1800s that it was the fate of the US to expand from coast to coast?

A

Manifest Destiny

55
Q

How did Henry Ford revolutionize the production of automobiles that will influence other industries?

A

The assembly line and improving efficient production

56
Q

What automobile was Henry Ford most famous for producing during the 1920s?

A

The Model T

57
Q

The Pure Food and Drug Act and The Meat Inspection Act are a result of what book published during the Progressive Era?

A

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

58
Q

During the 1920s, this group of citizens believed that laws and societal norms should be based on the principles of the Bible, rather than modern, scientific thought.

A

Fundamentalists

59
Q

What government agency was created to oversee and monitor the stock exchange and the buying and selling of stocks?

A

The SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission

60
Q

What was the purpose of the WPA agency created as part of the New Deal?

A

The Works Progress Administration created jobs for citizens working on building projects - roads, bridges, public buildings, etc.

61
Q

During the Great Depression, the AAA was created to help stabilize prices in which industry?

A

The farming industry

62
Q

What nickname was given to the date of the stockmarket crash on Oct. 29, 1929?

A

“Black Tuesday”

63
Q

What benefits did the TVA program provide to citizens during the Great Depression?

A

Jobs on dam building projects
Cheap electricity from hydroelectric power plants
Tourism and recreation opportunities on lakes and reservoirs

64
Q

What group of citizens came to Washington, DC in 1932 asking the federal government to pay the service bonus early that they were owed in 1945?

A

World War I veterans

65
Q

________ were groups of shacks and homemade shelters made by the unemployed and the homeless during the depression years. They named these for the government leader they blamed for their situation.

A

“Hoovervilles”

67
Q

What Supreme Court case established the principle that “separate but equal” was an acceptable practice for segregating the races in the US?

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

68
Q

What principle of the Constitution gives each of the 3 branches of the government some power over the others to prevent any one branch from dominating?

A

checks and balances

69
Q

What principle in the Constitution describes how government power in the US is divided between the federal and state governments?

A

federalism

70
Q

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

A

Italian immigrants who were executed for murder with very little evidence.

71
Q

What name is given to the time following WWI in which many Americans were afraid of and opposed to immigrants coming into the US with radical political ideas such as communism?

A

The Red Scare

72
Q

At what location on the west coast were immigrants from China processed and held until the gov’t decided to release them into the country?

A

Angel Island

73
Q

What became the major form of mass advertising and entertainment in the 1920s?

A

The radio

74
Q

What did the 17th amendment change in the US government?

A

The election of senators - now they would be elected directly by the people

75
Q

What building material did American settlers on the Great Plains use to build their homes because there were few trees?

A

pieces of sod (blocks of grass) cut from the ground

76
Q

What election reform allowed citizens to vote on the candidates that would run for office from each political party?

A

Direct primary

77
Q

This election reform allowed citizens to vote directly on proposed laws.

A

Referendum

78
Q

Who became the leader of organized crime in Chicago making his money on bootlegging and selling illegal alcohol?

A

Al Capone

79
Q

Explain the importance of the Harlem Renaissance.

A

It was a period in Harlem, New York City where the art, music, and writing of African Americans flourished and they began to enjoy more equality in society there.

80
Q

What contribution to manufacturing did automobile producer Henry Ford make?

A

He introduced assembly line production using scientific analysis to increase efficiency

81
Q

Which territories did the US gain as a result of the Spanish American War?

A

Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam

82
Q

Which group of immigrants was excluded from coming into the US in 1882, and those already in the US could not become citizens?

A

the Chinese

83
Q

What nickname was given to FDR’s New Deal programs to fix the economy because of their lettered names?

A

“alphabet soup”

84
Q

Explain the idea of Social Darwinism.

A

People looked at society using Darwin’s ideas of ‘natural selection’ in that some members were stronger and would survive over the weaker ones.

85
Q

Explain why a vertical integration would benefit a business owner.

A

A business owner would control all the steps of production from raw material to distributing finished product, allowing the owner to control costs at all levels.

86
Q

During the mid-1930s why was the nickname ‘Dust Bowl’ given to areas of the Great Plains in the center of the US?

A

There were years of severe drought where crops would not grow and the topsoil in many areas blew away in huge dust storms.

87
Q

What name is given to the first ten amendments added to the Constitution which protect individual rights and liberties?

A

The Bill of Rights

88
Q

After the Constitution was written, which group supported the new, stronger government it created?

A

The Federalists

89
Q

Who was the president of the US at the beginning of World War II?

A

Franklin Roosevelt

90
Q

After the war in Europe begins, what law did the US pass to help the British with war materials and supplies?

A

The Lend-Lease Act

91
Q

As Hitler came to power in Germany and began breaking the Treaty of Versailles and taking back lost lands, countries in Europe began practicing ‘appeasement’ of Hitler. What does this mean?

A

Giving in to the demands of a person or country to avoid conflict - in this case another war.

92
Q

What is meant by the practice of ‘isolationism’ used by the US after WWI in the 1920s and 1930s?

A

The US did not want to get involved in the affairs of foreign countries, but focus on issues in the US that directly affected Americans.

93
Q

What were the underlying causes that caused the crash of the stock market leading to the Great Depression?

A

Availability of easy credit; overproduction in many industries and in farming; lack of regulation of banking and the stock market

94
Q

What was the main reason the US decided to enter the fighting of World War I

A

Germany’s use of submarine warfare against more than enemy military ships

95
Q

Who was Jeanette Rankin?

A

First woman elected to the US Congress - voted against entering both WWI and later WWII

96
Q

Which areas of land were added to the territories of the US during the 1800s and our practice of imperialism?

A

Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam

97
Q

Name the dictator that came to power during the 1920s - 1930s in the following world countries: Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, the Empire of Japan

A

Germany - Adolf Hitler
Italy - Benito Mussolini
Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin
Japan - Emp. Hirohito / Gen. Tojo

98
Q

What law did the Congress pass to allow the US to send military equipment and materials to help Great Britain in fighting WWII?

A

the Lend - Lease Act

99
Q

Why did Hitler and Stalin agree to sign the Non-Aggression Pact even though they hated each other?

A

They agreed not to attack each other during military action and Hitler was about to invade Poland

US History - HSE Mama G (3 decks)

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