US History Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence?
A
Thomas Jefferson
2
Q
What amendment began prohibition in the US?
A
18th amendment
3
Q
Which president was blamed for not doing enough to get the US out of the Great Depresion?
A
Herbert Hoover
4
Q
What was Franklin Roosevelt’s plan for getting the US out of the depression called?
A
The New Deal
5
Q
What was name of the first government of the US.?
A
The Articles of Confederation
6
Q
What name was given to the investigative journalists who worked to expose the “dirt” such as business corruption, poor housing conditions, etc.?
A
Muckrakers
7
Q
Name the industrialist who created the Standard Oil Company and a monopoly in the oil industry.
A
John D. Rockefeller
8
Q
Who was the president of the US during World War I?
A
Woodrow Wilson
9
Q
Who were the “Big Four” Allies who created the Treaty of Versailles following WWI?
A
Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States
10
Q
Why did the US Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
A
They did not want the US to be part of the League of Nations
11
Q
Why were the US Senate and others opposed to the US becoming part of the League of Nations following WWI?
A
They did not want the US pulled into the affairs of other countries or possibly a foreign war.
12
Q
Who was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during WWI?
A
General John J. Pershing
13
Q
What killed even more Americans during World War I than the fighting on the battlefields in Europe?
A
The influenza epidemic
14
Q
What were the causes of the start of World War I in Europe?
A
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
15
Q
Why was the US so upset by contents of the Zimmerman Telegram?
A
Germany was proposing an alliance with Mexico to enter WWI
16
Q
What issue of the Progressive Movement did reformers Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, and Carrie Chapman Catt have in common?
A
Women’s suffrage
17
Q
Jacob Riis used his skills as a photographer to highlight what problem created by urbanization of the Industrial Revolution?
A
Living conditions of immigrants and the poor
18
Q
Whose assassination is considered the ‘spark’ that ignited the fighting of WWI in Europe?
A
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
19
Q
What was President Wilson’s plan called for creating a lasting peace in the world after WWI ended?
A
The 14 Points
20
Q
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that punished Germany for their role in WWI?
A
Loss of German territory to other countries
Reduction of the German army
German navy is dismantled
Germany must pay reparations to the Allies
Germany must take the blame for the war (guilt clause)
21
Q
What was the purpose of creating the League of Nations as part of the Treaty of Versailles?
A
To give countries a way to discuss problems and find solutions before a war occurred.
22
Q
Which amendment to the Constitution was a result of the temperance movement?
A
The 18th amendment
23
Q
Which of the following reformers focused her work on improving working conditions for women and ending child labor?
A. Ida Tarbell
B. Ida B Wells
C. Jane Addams
D. Florence Kelly
A
D. Florence Kelly
24
Q
What two groups formed over the arguments of ratifying the Constitution and the power of the new government?
A
The Federalists and Anti-Federalists
25
What land purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
26
What major waterway did the Louisiana Purchase give the US control of?
The Mississippi River
27
What issue caused the most controversy in the debates and writing a new constitution to replace the Articles?
Representation in Congress
28
How did the Great Compromise settle the issues of representation in the Congress as the Constitution was written?
Created a TWO house Congress; The House of Representatives was based on the population of the states; the Senate has equal representation for each state.
29
How would slaves be counted for representation to satisfy both the northern and southern states?
3/5 of slaves would be counted for population and for taxation
30
Who became the first president of the United States?
George Washington
31
What progressive reforms did Theodore Roosevelt try to create as president?
Protecting the environment (expanding the National Park Service), protecting consumers (Pure Food & Drug act, etc.), limiting big business by ending trusts and monopolies (enforce Sherman Anti-Trust Act)
32
Which amendment gave suffrage to all men regardless of race?
15th amendment
33
Which organization formed during the Progressive era was a result of the work and ideas of W.E.B Dubois and Ida B. Wells?
NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
34
How did the process of popular sovereignty work for deciding the slavery question in the western territories?
Citizens in the territory would vote whether to become a slave state or a free state.
35
What important decision was made by the Supreme Court in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford?
Dred Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in court; He was still a slave, even though he had been taken to a free state; Slaves were property and could be taken anywhere.
36
What event finally caused the southern slave states to secede from the Union and form the Confederacy?
The 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln as president
37
Where did the Indian Removal Act move native groups such as the Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole?
West of the Mississippi River to territory that would later be the state of Oklahoma
38
What nickname was given to westward path taken by the Native Americans of the southeast US because of the suffering and death that occurred along the way?
The Trail of Tears
39
What country did the US fight against during the War of 1812?
Great Britain
40
Which amendment was a result of the women's suffrage movement?
The 19th amendment
40
What rights does amendment 14 guarantee to all citizens of the US?
Equal protection of the law
Due process of law
41
What nickname was given to young women of the 1920s who left behind traditional values, raised their hemlines, and bobbed their hair?
Flappers
42
People who made alcohol illegally, or even smuggled it, were called _______.
Bootleggers
43
During the 1920s a 'speakeasy' was a name given to what type of business?
An illegal bar
44
What was the controversial topic at the heart of the Scopes trial?
The teaching of the theory of evolution
45
Who was the president of the US when the stock market crashed in 1929?
Herbert Hoover
46
How did Henry Ford revolutionize the production of automobiles that will influence other industries?
The assembly line and improving efficient production
47
What automobile was Henry Ford most famous for producing during the 1920s?
The Model T
48
The Pure Food and Drug Act and The Meat Inspection Act are a result of what book published during the Progressive Era?
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
49
During the 1920s, this group of citizens believed that laws and societal norms should be based on the principles of the Bible, rather than modern, scientific thought.
Fundamentalists
50
What government agency was created to oversee and monitor the stock exchange and the buying and selling of stocks?
The SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission
51
What was the purpose of the WPA agency created as part of the New Deal?
The Works Progress Administration created jobs for citizens working on building projects - roads, bridges, public buildings, etc.
52
During the Great Depression, the AAA was created to help stabilize prices in which industry?
The farming industry
53
What nickname was given to the date of the stockmarket crash on Oct. 29, 1929?
"Black Tuesday"
54
What benefits did the TVA program provide to citizens during the Great Depression?
Jobs on dam building projects
Cheap electricity from hydroelectric power plants
Tourism and recreation opportunities on lakes and reservoirs
55
What group of citizens came to Washington, DC in 1932 asking the federal government to pay the service bonus early that they were owed in 1945?
World War I veterans
56
________ were groups of shacks and homemade shelters made by the unemployed and the homeless during the depression years. They named these for the government leader they blamed for their situation.
"Hoovervilles"
58
What Supreme Court case established the principle that "separate but equal" was an acceptable practice for segregating the races in the US?
Plessy v. Ferguson
59
What principle of the Constitution gives each of the 3 branches of the government some power over the others to prevent any one branch from dominating?
checks and balances
60
What principle in the Constitution describes how government power in the US is divided between the federal and state governments?
federalism
61
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
Italian immigrants who were executed for murder with very little evidence.
62
What name is given to the time following WWI in which many Americans were afraid of and opposed to immigrants coming into the US with radical political ideas such as communism?
The Red Scare
63
At what location on the west coast were immigrants from China processed and held until the gov't decided to release them into the country?
Angel Island
64
What became the major form of mass advertising and entertainment in the 1920s?
The radio
65
What did the 17th amendment change in the US government?
The election of senators - now they would be elected directly by the people
66
What building material did American settlers on the Great Plains use to build their homes because there were few trees?
pieces of sod (blocks of grass) cut from the ground
67
What election reform allowed citizens to vote on the candidates that would run for office from each political party?
Direct primary
68
This election reform allowed citizens to vote directly on proposed laws.
Referendum
69
Who became the leader of organized crime in Chicago making his money on bootlegging and selling illegal alcohol?
Al Capone
70
Explain the importance of the Harlem Renaissance.
It was a period in Harlem, New York City where the art, music, and writing of African Americans flourished and they began to enjoy more equality in society there.
71
What contribution to manufacturing did automobile producer Henry Ford make?
He introduced assembly line production using scientific analysis to increase efficiency
72
Which territories did the US gain as a result of the Spanish American War?
Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam
73
Which group of immigrants was excluded from coming into the US in 1882, and those already in the US could not become citizens?
the Chinese
74
What nickname was given to FDR's New Deal programs to fix the economy because of their lettered names?
"alphabet soup"
75
Explain the idea of Social Darwinism.
People looked at society using Darwin's ideas of 'natural selection' in that some members were stronger and would survive over the weaker ones.
76
Explain why a vertical integration would benefit a business owner.
A business owner would control all the steps of production from raw material to distributing finished product, allowing the owner to control costs at all levels.
77
During the mid-1930s why was the nickname 'Dust Bowl' given to areas of the Great Plains in the center of the US?
There were years of severe drought where crops would not grow and the topsoil in many areas blew away in huge dust storms.
78
What name is given to the first ten amendments added to the Constitution which protect individual rights and liberties?
The Bill of Rights
79
After the Constitution was written, which group supported the new, stronger government it created?
The Federalists
80
Who was the president of the US at the beginning of World War II?
Franklin Roosevelt
81
After the war in Europe begins, what law did the US pass to help the British with war materials and supplies?
The Lend-Lease Act
82
As Hitler came to power in Germany and began breaking the Treaty of Versailles and taking back lost lands, countries in Europe began practicing 'appeasement' of Hitler. What does this mean?
Giving in to the demands of a person or country to avoid conflict - in this case another war.
83
What is meant by the practice of 'isolationism' used by the US after WWI in the 1920s and 1930s?
The US did not want to get involved in the affairs of foreign countries, but focus on issues in the US that directly affected Americans.
84
What were the underlying causes that caused the crash of the stock market leading to the Great Depression?
Availability of easy credit; overproduction in many industries and in farming; lack of regulation of banking and the stock market
85
What was the main reason the US decided to enter the fighting of World War I
Germany's use of submarine warfare against more than enemy military ships
86
Who was Jeanette Rankin?
First woman elected to the US Congress - voted against entering both WWI and later WWII
87
Which areas of land were added to the territories of the US during the 1800s and our practice of imperialism?
Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam
88
Name the dictator that came to power during the 1920s - 1930s in the following world countries: Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, the Empire of Japan
Germany - Adolf Hitler
Italy - Benito Mussolini
Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin
Japan - Emp. Hirohito / Gen. Tojo
89
What law did the Congress pass to allow the US to send military equipment and materials to help Great Britain in fighting WWII?
the Lend - Lease Act
90
Why did Hitler and Stalin agree to sign the Non-Aggression Pact even though they hated each other?
They agreed not to attack each other during military action and Hitler was about to invade Poland
91
The US Constitution is given this name showing that it is the ultimate authority in our country
"the Supreme law of the Land"
92
What was the goal of the abolition movement in the US?
to end the practice of slavery
93
What construction project connected the eastern and western US for the first time?
the transcontinental railroad
94
What law was passed by Congress to divide reservation land into individual homesteads to assimilate Native Americans into white culture?
The Dawes Act
95
A business owner practicing horizontal integration would buy all the means of producing a product in an industry. This would allow him to create a
monopoly
96
What is a nativist?
Someone who favors native born Americans over foreign born immigrants
97
Why was the Pullman Strike so important in the growth of labor unions?
It showed the power of a nationwide strike by workers in one industry.
98
Why was Benjamin Harrison important to the state of Indiana?
He was the only man from Indiana elected president of the US
99
During the late 1800s and the industrial growth of the US, many people believed men like ________, ________, and __________ had more power than elected gov't leaders.
Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt, etc.
100
Which progressive reformer created a 'settlement house' in Chicago to assist immigrants with their new lives in the US?
Jane Addams
101
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst published exaggerated stories in their newspapers about Spanish activities in places like Cuba. This type of writing became know as
yellow journalism
102
What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?
protecting social welfare, creating economic reform, promote moral improvement, fostering efficiency in the workplace
103
Which important event will lead to major changes in workplace and building safety standards to protect workers?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
104
The Great Migration during WWI and in the 1920s involved what group of citizens moving to northern cities from the south for better opportunities?
Sfrican Americans
105
What did the the National Origins Act of 1924 do?
It was meant to limit immigration by creating a quota system limiting the number of immigrants per country.
106
What were some of the impacts of the automobile on the US as more people could afford them?
ability to live outside the big city (move to suburbs), greater ability for personal and family travel, changes in dating habits
107
During the 1920s the growth of mass media such as radio and magazines will lead to the development of _____________.
mass popular culture - products, music, sports, etc. are all recognized across the nation
108
Who was the leader of Great Britain during World War II
Winston Churchill
109
Which Great Depression program created a benefits plan for retired workers and the disabled?
the Social Security Administration
110
What is the correct order of the following events?
The Great Depression
The American Revolution
World War I
Reconstruction
American Revolution, Reconstruction, World War I, The Great Depression
