U.S. History Midterm Flashcards
Barbed Wire
closed the open range system; led to the range wars
Judicial Review: Marbury v. Madison
right of the supreme court to interpret laws
13 Colonies
Second Industrial Revolution
GO OVER NOTES: long hours, low wages, dangerous conditions. No bargaining power
Agricultural Revolution: new methods of farming and equipment
mechanical reaper and steel plow. increased efficiency of farming and made it a company job
Reconstruction: 13, 14, 15 amendments, black codes, freedmen’s bureau
13: abolished slavery 14: could be citizens 15: could vote
Black codes: Laws restricting black rights
Freedmen’s Bureau: ability to educate African Americans
Abolitionists: Frederick Douglas. William Lloyd Garrison, Uncle Toms cabin
frederick douglas: Black abolitionist; wrote North Star
william lloyd garrison: white abolitionit; “liberator”
immigration: chinese, irish, nativism
chinese took jobs (mining) and Irish were catholic (railroad)
Nativism: hatred towards natives
Fugitive slave act: impact
Had to return escaped slaves or you’d get fined
manifest destiny: reasons and impact
Belief white settlers could expand west towards the pacific ocean by God
articles of confederation: strengths and weaknesses
strengths: states had more power, Northwest Ordinances
weaknesses: no branches, limited gov
Whiskey rebellion: impact, compare to shay’s rebellion
proved that the federal government was more powerful than the states; shay’s rebellion proved the articles of confederation don’t work.
California gold rush: impact, population
1848, people moving to california because of gold; increased population
Washington’s farewell address: warnings
warned about political parties, and long-term foreign affairs
1832 Nullification Crisis: reason and solution
South carolina refused to pay tariffs, andrew jackson threatened to send army; showed states can void federal laws
War of 1812 cause and effects
causes: impressment, interfering with trade
effects: patriotism, showed U.S. they can hang with larger armies
Taxation w/out representation: what taxes and colonists response
taxed colonists because debt from French and Indian War. Taxes include Stamp Act and Sugar Ac. led to boycotts and protests
countries competing for north america: french, british and spanish
French: North of U.S.; fur trade
Spanish: Texas and Florida; Gold and God
British: Along Atlantic; seeking new life
missouri compromise: impact
slave only allowed below 36 30
Kansas-Nebraska Act: impact
allowed people to vote for slavery (popular sovereignty) overturned the Missouri Compromise; led to bleeding kansas
Compromise of 1850: impact
The Compromise of 1850 was a set of laws that allowed California to join the U.S. as a free state, created stricter rules to capture escaped slaves, and let new territories from Mexico decide for themselves if they would allow slavery.
Civil War: causes; advantages/disadvantages on both sides
causes: slavery; union made blockades to stop trade in the south
North: large population, more money
South: knew the territory
documents influence democratic ideas: magna carta, english bill of rights, etc.
limited the power of the king, protected citizens (where U.S. stems ideas from)
New Immigration: who/where/why?
Southern and Eastern Europe because of work, war, religious prosecution, and corrupt government
Grievances in Declaration of Independence
27 Know Them!
Treaty of Paris of 1783: Results
ended the american revolution; created USA
Causes of the U.S.-Mexican War
Texas annexation; Manifest Destiny (Polk wanted the territory)
Black Codes and Southern States
state laws limiting rights of freed slaves
sharecropping system and impact
former slaves working to pay off debts
Dawes Act and effects
Natives to become farmers
