U.S. History II Flashcards
Dust Bowl
A terrible drought in the great plains. The soil dried to dust from Dakota to Texas wheat fields became known as vast Dust bowls.
Hooverville
was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States of America. Named after President Herbert Hoover
Breadlines, Soup Kitchens
By the mid-1930s, state and federal governments also were operating them. Soup kitchens served mostly soup and bread. Soup was economical because water could be added to serve more people, if necessary. At the outset of the Depression, Al Capone, the notorious gangster from Chicago, established the first soup kitchen.
Black Tuesday
The day prices took the steepest die yet. That day almost 16 million shares of stocks were sold. The stock market lost between $10 and $15 Billion in value
Bank Run
Takes place when many depositors decide to withdraw their money all at one time usually because fear that the bank will collapse.
Margin Call
Demanding investor repay the loam at once.
Margin
Buying a stock by paying only a fraction of the stock prices and borrowing the rest.
Installment
Buying an item on credit with a monthly plan to pay off the value of the good
Election of 1932
Hoover vs. Roosevelt. Roosevelt is different from hoover is because of his idea in government intervention during the great depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt
- FDR not unknown-ran for vice president in 1920 governor of NY in 1928. Time off from politics in between
- FDR is extremely popular. Americans see him in a new hope and confidence to get out of the great Depression.
- FDR wins handily, defeating Hoover 472-59. A new era of politics had begun. (He was governor of New York)
The New Deal
- Roosevelt’s policies for ending the depression become known as the New Deal, or a series of programs put in place from 1933-1938 designed to revive the economy
- First era of Roosevelt looks to is the banks. Without restoring banks, nothing else would be possible
- Two phases of New deal First Deal (1933-1934) and Second New Deal (1935-1938)
- The New deal will HELP the economy, but will NOT completely end the great depression.
Hundred Days
The New President began to send bill after bill to congress. Between March 9 and June 16 1933 which became known as the hundred days.
Fireside Chats
Radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives
The New Deal Program
Bills proposed by Roosevelt to fix the great depression
Children during the great depression
Most kids worked in sweatshops with long hours and very poor pay to help support their families. Boys did typically did more and harsher work then girls. On the other hand, they both still had roles in factories. The girls worked on sewing and weaving clothes and gloves. A lot of children also worked in their family’s business or worked in sweatshops. Boys did meat packing. Most children today work for themselves. During the Great Depression, children worked to support their families. *****Children turned to Ms. Roosevelt for Help
Dictator
A dictator is a political leader who wields absolute power. A state ruled by a dictator is called a dictatorship
Fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition.
Joseph Stalin
1962 became the new Soviet dictator. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Born into poverty, Stalin became involved in revolutionary politics, as well as criminal activities, as a young man.Once in power, he collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps
Adolf Hitler
Was a fervent anticommunist and an admirer of Mussolini Responsible for the Holocaust.
Holocaust
destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war.
Nuremberg Law
The laws excluded German Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or related blood." Ancillary ordinances to the laws disenfranchised Jews and deprived them of most political rights. Stage 1: stripping right No citizen ship Fired from jobs Banned from schools and universities Limiting Jews rights Forced to pay special taxes
Death Marches
They made Jews March for a long time with no food. This was used to try and get rid of evidence that they were killing Jewish people
Final Solution
Plan was the culmination of a decade of Nazi rule and the core goal of killing all Jewish
Auschwitz
Most infamous and largest concentration camp
Located in modern day Poland
Known for mass murders using gas chambers. 1.3 million jews entered Auschwitz,
1.1 million died
Nazi Medical Experiments
Liberation
To set free from slavery. Freedom.
Six Causes of the World War II
Treaty of versailles Rise of Italian fascism Rise of Hitler and the nazi party Great Depression Japanese expansionism Anti-communism Appeasement Militarism Nationalism u.s Isolationism
Treaty of Versailles
After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations drafted a treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments, reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the League of Nations
- the treaty punished Germany and left bitter feels
- Germany was forced to accept all the blame for the war and pay millions on reparations to Britain and France
Anti Semitism
hostility to or prejudice against Jews.
Isolationism
A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
America First Committee
as the foremost United States non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II
Appeasement
accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
Aryan Race
Hitler’s idea of the “perfect race”. Hitler made references to an “Aryan Race” founding a superior type of humanity. The purest stock of Aryans according to Nazi ideology was the Nordic people of Sweden and Norway. The Nazis claimed that Germanic people represented a southern branch of the Aryan-Nordic population.[1] Hitler’s ideals for German men were blonde hair, slim built, strong and tough;
Axis Power
Germany, Japan and Italy. The Axis leaders were Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Emperor Hirohito (Japan).
Allied Powers
Great Britain, The United States, China, and the Soviet Union. The leaders of the Allies were Franklin Roosevelt (the United States), Winston Churchill (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin (the Soviet Union).
How does Hitler violate the treaty of Versailles
German forces marching into the Rhineland
German forces gathering
Germans refused to pay reparations of 6.6 billion pounds.
Germany and Austria made an alliance to become a larger, more powerful nation.
Soon after Germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war.
Built an army he wasn’t supposed to
Nazi Soviet Pact
in which the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years.
Infamy speech
was a speech delivered by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, one day after the Empire of Japan’s attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and the Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British
Lend-Lease Act
allowed the US to lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense to the US” The act allowed Roosevelt to sen things to Britain and they promised t pay us back
Pearl Harbor
was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor,[9] led to the United States’ entry into World War II.
War powers act
is a federal law intended to check the president’s power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
Navajo Code Talkers
were instrumental in U.S. success in the Pacific during World War II. Navajo marines designed a secret warfare code that foiled expert Japanese code breakers who had managed to crack army and navy codes. Its secret lay in the intricacy of the Navajo tongue, some of whose sounds were unique, and it had no symbols or alphabet. A regional language, it was relegated to the southwest U.S. alone.
Women Of War
During World War II, some 350,000 women served in the U.S. Armed Forces, both at home and abroad. They included the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots, who on March 10, 2010, were awarded the prestigious Congressional Gold Medal. Meanwhile, widespread male enlistment left gaping holes in the industrial labor force. Between 1940 and 1945, the female percentage of the U.S. workforce increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent, and by 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home.
Tuskegee Airmen
is the popular name of a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II.
