US History Chapter 3

Question 1

Elizabeth L Pinckney

Answer 1

One of the most enterprising horticulturists in colonial America, she began managing her family’s three plantations in South Carolina at the age of sixteen. She had tremendous success growing indigo, which led to many other plantations growing the crop as well. (page 111)

Question 2

Staple/ Cash Crop

Answer 2

A profitable market crop, such as cotton or tobacco. (page 114)

Question 3

Indentured Servant

Answer 3

Settler who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World; Virginia and Pennsylvania were largely peopled in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by English indentured servants. (page 116)

Question 4

Triangular trade

Answer 4

Means by which exports to one country or colony provided the means for imports from another country or colony. For example, merchants from colonial New England shipped rum to West Africa and used it to barter for slaves who were then taken to the West Indies. The slaves were sold or traded for materials that the ships brought back to New England including molasses which is need to make rum. (page 133)

Question 5

Half-way Covenant

Answer 5

Allowed baptized children of church members to be admitted to a ‘halfway’ membership in the church and secure baptism for their own children in turn, but allowed them neither a vote in the church, nor communion. (page 136)

Question 6

Enlightenment

Answer 6

Revolution in thought begun in the seventeenth century that emphasized reason and science over the authority of traditional religion. (page 146)

Question 7

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 7

A Boston-born American, who epitomized the Enlightenment for many Americans and Europeans, Franklin’s wide range of interests led him to become a publisher, inventor, and statesman. As the latter, he contributed to the writing of the Declaration of Independence, served as the minister to France during the Revolutionary War, and was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. (page 147)

Question 8

Great Awakening

Answer 8

Fervent religious revival movement in the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread throughout the colonies by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and English revivalist George Whitefield. (page 150)

Question 9

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 9

New England Congregationalist minister, who began a religious revival in his Northampton church and was an important figure in the Great Awakening. (page 151)

Question 10

George Whitefield

Answer 10

A true catalyst of the Great Awakening, he sought to reignite religious fervor in the American congregations. During his tour of the American Colonies in 1739, he gave spellbinding sermons and preached the notion of ‘new birth’ – a sudden, emotional moment of conversion and salvation. (page 152)