US History Chapter 2 Flashcards
Puritans
English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630. (page 55)
Virginia Company
A joint stock enterprise that King James I chartered in 1606. The company was to spread Christianity in the New World as well as find ways to make a profit in it. (page 56)
Chief Powhatan
He was called Powhatan by the English after the name of his tribe, and was the powerful, charismatic chief of numerous Algonquian-speaking towns in eastern Virginia representing over 10,000 Indians. (page 58)
Bacon’s Rebellion
Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley’s administration, because it had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids. (page 64)
Proprietary Colonies
A colony owned by an individual, rather than a joint-stock company. (page 66)
John Winthrop
Puritan leader and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who resolved to use the colony as a refuge for persecuted Puritans and as an instrument of building a ‘wilderness Zion” in America. (page 71)
Roger Williams
Puritan who believed that the purity of the church required a complete separation between church and state and freedom from coercion in matters of faith. In 1636, he established the town of Providence, the first permanent settlement in Rhode Island and the first to allow religious freedom in America. (page 74)
Anne Hutchinson
The articulate, strong-willed, and intelligent wife of a prominent Boston merchant, who espoused her belief in direct divine revelation. She quarreled with Puritan leaders over her beliefs; and they banished her from the colony. (page 76)
Pequot War
Massacre in 1637 and subsequent dissolution of the Pequot Nation by Puritan settlers, who seized the Indians’ lands. (page 80)
King Philip/ Metacomet
The chief of the Wampanoages, who the colonists called King Philip. He resented English efforts to convert Indians to Christianity and waged a war against the English colonists in which he was killed. (page 81)
New Netherland
Dutch colony conquered by the English to become four new colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. (page 83)
Iroquois League
An alliance of the Iroquois tribes that used their strength to force Europeans to work with them in the fur trade and to wage war across what is today eastern North America. (page 94)
Quakers
George Fox founded the Quaker religion in 1647. They rejected the use of formal sacraments and ministry, refused to take oaths and embraced pacifism. Fleeing persecution, they settled and established the colony of Pennsylvania. (page 95)
John Smith
A swashbuckling soldier of fortune with rare powers of leadership and self-promotion, he was appointed to the resident council to manage Jamestown. (page 58)
