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Midterms > U.S. History > Flashcards

U.S. History Flashcards

1
Q

Where was the 1st English attempt to establish a colony in North America?

A

Roanoke, NC

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2
Q

What religious group is associated with the founding of Pennsylvania?

A

The Quakers

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3
Q

Who were the Separatists?

A

They wanted to separate from the church

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4
Q

Who were the Puritans?

A

They wanted to purify the church

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5
Q

What country posed the only serious threat to the control of North America?

A

France

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6
Q

What is the Mason-Dixon line?

A

The border between Maryland and Pennsylvania

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7
Q

What four questions did the Enlightenment raise?

A

-Role of God
-Role of man
-Role of kings
-Role of religion

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8
Q

What is the Great awakening?

A

A religious movement in the American Colonies

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9
Q

What is the Proclamation of 1763?

A

The king said that colonists couldn’t settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

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10
Q

What is Deism?

A

The belief that God created the world but then stepped back and is no longer involved

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11
Q

What colony was intended to be a haven for persecuted Catholics?

A

Maryland

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12
Q

How was the Revolutionary war like a civil war?

A

It created deep divisions in families and communities and it was fought on home soil

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13
Q

How long is the term for a U.S. Senator?

A

6 years

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14
Q

What is the process for how a bill becomes a law?

A
  1. A committee writes the bill
  2. It goes to the floor of a house (Senate or HOR)
  3. It passes to the other house, and they have to agree on the same exact bill
  4. It goes to the president, who can sign, veto, pocket veto (do nothing), or return it to Congress
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15
Q

What are the two chambers (or houses) of Congress?

A

The Senate and the House of Representatives

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16
Q

What are the three branches of the Federal Government?

A

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

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17
Q

What are the issues facing the new U.S. after the Revolutionary War?

A

-Debt
-Foreign relations & Native Americans
-No security
-Nothing to handle crime

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18
Q

What year did Washington first take the presidential oath of office?

A

1789

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19
Q

What city was the first capital?

A

New York City

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20
Q

Name the three executive departments

A

War, state, treasury

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21
Q

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts, and what was Madison and Jefferson’s response to them?

A

-They were laws that restricted immigrant rights and limited freedom of speech to criticize the gov’t
-Madison and Jefferson passed resolutions that counteracted the Acts

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22
Q

How did the U.S. respond to the French Revolution?

A

-The people supported it at first but got concerned when things grew violent.
-The U.S. remained neutral during the French Revolutionary war

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23
Q

What land did the U.S. purchase in 1803?

A

The Louisiana Purchase

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24
Q

Who led the Corps of Discovery to explore the land?

A

Lewis and Clark

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25
Q

What Native American was instrumental in helping the Corps?

A

Sacajawea

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26
Q

What were the results of the War of 1812?

A

The U.S. got national pride and recognition

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27
Q

List some ways transportation became better during this time

A

-Steamboats
-Canals
-Railroads
-Better roads

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28
Q

Who wrote the Star-Spangled Banner?

A

Francis Scott Key

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29
Q

In general terms, what does the Monroe Doctrine say?

A

-The U.S. won’t get involved with European affairs
-Europe can’t keep messing with/colonizing and pillaging the Western Hemisphere

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30
Q

What four agreements did the U.S. make with Britain?

A
  1. No British warships in the Great Lakes
  2. The U.S. got fishing rights in Newfoundland and Labrador
  3. U.S./Canada border was established at the 49th parallel
  4. They jointly occupied the Oregon territory
31
Q

What made Andrew Jackson a national hero?

A

His victory at the Battle of New Orleans

32
Q

Which part of the country grew most in population in the early 1800s?

A

The West

33
Q

Explain the terms of the Missouri Compromise

A

-Missouri would be a slave state
-Maine would be free
-No state above Missouri’s bottom border could be a slave state

34
Q

What is the approximate number of people that attended the Camp meeting in Cane Ridge, Kentucky that spurred the 2nd Great Awakening?

A

At least 10,000

35
Q

What agreement was reached with Spain regarding Florida?

A

We signed a treaty with Spain and took over Florida because Spain couldn’t govern Florida anymore

36
Q

What is the Indian removal act?

A

White americans removed the Cherokee and many other tribes from their native land

37
Q

Name two ways the Cherokee resisted the Indian Removal act

A

-They tried to form a government and write a constitution like the U.S.
-They argued their case in the Supreme Court

38
Q

What was the name the Cherokee gave to the walk?

A

The Trail of Tears

39
Q

How was Texas becoming a state an issue?

A

Because it would upset the balance of Slave and free states

40
Q

Who is Sequoyah and what did he do?

A

He was a Cherokee who developed a language for his tribe

41
Q

Why did few Irish immigrants move to the South?

A

Because they didn’t want to farm and couldn’t compete with slave labor anyway

42
Q

Why did so many Irish come to America?

A

They resented British rule, and there was famine and hardships

43
Q

Where did many Scandinavian immigrants move?

A

The Midwest

44
Q

What were some popular social causes during this period?

A

Outlawing duels, reform of prisons and mental institutions, abolition of slavery

45
Q

How did the American population shift in the first half of the 1800s?

A

People moved North and West

46
Q

How did manufacturing help agriculture?

A

It sped up growth and harvesting processes

47
Q

How did cotton growing spread and what was the effect of that spread?

A

It spread to the Southern states and was in high demand, resulting in large profits

48
Q

What was the Compromise of 1850?

A

-Admitted California as a free state
-Utah and New Mexico could choose to be slave or free
-Texas/New Mexico border is established
-No slave trading in D.C., but you can still have slaves
-Harsher Fugitive Slave Law

49
Q

Who is John Brown and what did he do?

A

He was an Abolitionist (anti-slavery) who led a raid in 1859 in Harper’s Ferry, VA

50
Q

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

A

Dred Scott tried to be free but was denied, it caused tensions that led to the Civil War

51
Q

Explain sectionalism and how the North and South differ

A

A devotion to one particular region

North: wants high taxes on foreign goods and an end to slavery

South: wants lower taxes on foreign goods and to keep slavery

52
Q

What event in 1848 in California heightened the debate over slavery?

A

The Gold rush

53
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

The belief that states should choose to be slave or free for themselves

54
Q

What is Bleeding Kansas and why did that happen?

A

A war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery people over whether Kansas should be slave or free

55
Q

What fraction of Southern families owned slaves?

A

1/4

56
Q

What are the dates of the Civil war?

A

April 12, 1861 - April 9, 1865

57
Q

Capital of the Union

A

Washington, D.C.

58
Q

Capital of the Confederacy

A

Richmond, VA

59
Q

Bloodiest day in American history

A

Antietam– 22,717 casualties

60
Q

Who takes control of the newly formed army in Northern Virginia?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

61
Q

Who founded the American Red Cross?

A

Clara Barton

62
Q

Who led the “March to the Sea?”

A

William Sherman

63
Q

What battle had the most casualties?

A

Gettysburg in Pennsylvania

64
Q

Where did Lee surrender to Grant?

A

At Appomattox

65
Q

After the Emancipation Proclamation, how many slaves and Black men join the Union Army?

A

200,000

66
Q

The first battle of the Civil war

A

Battle of Bull Run, April 12, 1861

67
Q

Who was the first president to be impeached?

A

Andrew Johnson

68
Q

Who were the Scalawags?

A

Southerners who cooperated with Republicans

69
Q

Who were the Carpetbaggers?

A

Northerners who moved South to take advantage of political opportunities

70
Q

How did the Freedman’s Bureau help slaves?

A

It provided basic necessities and helped slaves transition to freedom

71
Q

What is the Homestead act of 1862?

A

It allowed people to settle the western territories and get free land if they lived there for five years

72
Q

What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?

A

13- Abolished slavery
14- granted everyone citizenship
15- No one can be denied the right to vote

73
Q

How many Black Congressmen were elected during Reconstruction?

A

-16 served in Congress
-Over 600 served in state legislature and local offices

74
Q

What did we do with Confederate debt?

A

We cancelled it and said it didn’t count

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