U.S Health Care

Question 1

Healthcare delivery model that ties provider reimbursement payment to the quality and cost of care for patient population- for example, patients on kidney dialysis

Answer 1

Accountable care organization (ACO)

Question 2

an Illness with sudden onset that has an intense but short effect on the body

Answer 2

Acute Infectious Disease

Question 3

professional organization of primary care physicians who provide medical care for all ages. The academy supports family physicians through networking and continuing education and serves as an advocate through the state and federal legislation.

Answer 3

American academy of family physian

Question 4

A national industry trade group that supports hospitals, healthcare systems, and healthcare networks as well the communities served

Answer 4

American Hospital association

Question 5

Applications of behavioral sciences in schools and clinics to improve behavioral sciences in schools and clinics to improve behavioral problems and facilitate learning; part of treatment for autism Spectrum disorder

Answer 5

Applied behavior analysis

Question 6

The use of computers and technology to stimulate intelligent behavior and critical thinking; one example of AI is predicting the spread of infectious diseases in a population

Answer 6

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Question 7

Group of development disabilities that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges

Answer 7

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Question 8

Strains of influenza virus that normally infect birds, including poultry but can sometimes pass to humans

Answer 8

Avian (bird) influenza

Question 9

structural changes in organs or other body parts in infants at birth; surgery may be required to improve function. common birth defects are structural changes of the heart.

Answer 9

Birth defects

Question 10

Branch of the federal government that tracks the health of the nation and provide support to identify causes of epidemics and food borne illness.

Answer 10

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 11

Agency of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that manages Medicare and Medicaid and strives to ensure effective, up-to-date healthcare coverage and to promote quality care for beneficiaries.

Answer 11

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)

Question 12

A disease that is long in duration, reoccurs frequently, and progresses slowly.

Answer 12

Chronic disease

Question 13

Service provided to an individual, group, or community to benefit their health status

Answer 13

Clinical care

Question 14

Guidelines for primary care providers to use in screening and counseling patients to prevent or reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, and infectious disease.

Answer 14

Clinical Preventative Services

Question 15

A physical defect of an organ or body part that is present in the infant at birth

Answer 15

congenital malformation

Question 16

One of a group of viruses that causes respiratory illness in animals and humans . Beginning in 2019 the virus resulted in a worldwide pandemic and many deaths

Answer 16

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Question 17

___________ in health care refers to the marginalized- those of low income, racial and ethnic minorities, and those who identify as LGBTQ- who often experience obstacles in obtaining health care.

Answer 17

Discrimination

Question 18

Wide differences in access to health care or quality of health care based on where one lives as well as income, educational level, race, ethnicity, gender expression, or sexual orientation.

Answer 18

Disparities

Question 19

Individual who provides emotional and physical support for women during pregnancy and childbirth and after the birth of the infant to promote the health and well- being of the mother and infant.

Answer 19

Doulas

Question 20

causes rare and deadly infection endemic to Africa; the largest Ebola epidemic in history occurred in West Africa in 2014

Answer 20

Ebola virus

Question 21

Individual patient health record stored in a computer database for easy access by physicians and other healthcare workers regardless of the settings- clinical, hospital, nursing home, or emergency care center

Answer 21

Electronic Health records (EHRs)

Question 22

An outbreak of disease in a certain geographic area in greater numbers than usual; the most common cause of an ___________ in the United States is influenza (flu)

Answer 22

Epidemics

Question 23

Providing the same healthcare opportunities for everyone- for example, universal immunization for infants and children.

Answer 23

Equality

Question 24

removing obstacles to health care- for example, providing high quality health care regardless of income and providing transportation or child care to remove obstacles for prenatal care for women.

Answer 24

Equity

Question 25

A measure of income level issued yearly by HHS used to determine eligibility for Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the cost of premiums for health insurance purchased through Health Exchanges.

Answer 25

Federal Poverty Level (FPL)

Question 26

Illness caused by Food contaminated with a microscopic organism (virus, bacteria, or fungus) or toxins released by these organism; can be caused by improper storage temperatures or inadequate cooking temperatures. Symptoms are typically vomiting and diarrhea

Answer 26

Foodborne illness

Question 27

Ease of access to travel and transportation of food products. Increases exposure to communicable diseases and food borne illness and adds to challenges in track-ing the origin of disease of food borne illness.

Answer 27

Globalization

Question 28

Broad concept that encompasses an array of technologies to record, store, retrieve, protect, share, and analyze health insurance.

Answer 28

Health information technology

Question 29

actions of individuals that can promote health such as eating a healthy diet and participating in regular physical activity. Also, actions that can increase the risk for disease- for example, eating a less healthy diet, having infrequent physical activity, smoking, excessive use of alcohol or illicit drugs, and risky sexual behavior.

Answer 29

Health behaviors

Question 30

Differences In health outcomes ( infant mortality or longevity) because of differences in race, ethnicity, immigration status, income, education, or employment.

Answer 30

Health disparities

Answer 31

Health equity

Question 32

health status of an individual or community as a result of preventative public health programs or medical intervention.

Answer 32

Health outcomes

Question 33

An international research project that sequenced and mapped all human genes and allows prediction of illness and adverse drug response

Answer 33

Human Genome Project

Question 34

personal behaviors that prevent the transmission of infectious disease by removing microorganisms that can cause infectious diseases of the skin, respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract

Answer 34

Hygiene

Question 35

public health methods to __________ by vaccination to prevent the spread of infectious diseases within a population.For example, the flu vaccine in adults and measles, mumps, and hepatitis A and B vaccines in children.

Answer 35

immunizations

Question 36

the number of deaths in children less than one year of age per 1,000 live births; reflects the quality of health care.

Answer 36

Infant mortality

Question 37

illness caused by pathogenic viruses, fungi, or bacteria and transmitted by person to person contact or through a vector such as an infected mosquito.

Answer 37

Infectious Disease

Question 38

represents the average number of years of life that could be expected if current death rates were to remain constant; used as a gauge of the overall health of a population

Answer 38

Life expectancy

Question 39

Behaviors that impact the incidence and development of disease- for example, diet, physical activity , sexual activity, and the use of alcohol, illegal drugs, and cigarettes

Answer 39

Lifestyle

Question 40

the length of human life; __________ usually refers to living past the estimated life expectancy or the average age of death.

Answer 40

Longevity

Question 41

Infants weighing less than 2,500 grams ( 5 pounds, 8 ounces) compared to the average birthweight of 8 pounds (3629 grams) ; more likely to occur in infants born before 37 weeks with complications requiring admission to a neonatal intensive care unit.

Answer 41

Low birth weight

Question 42

causes and rates of death in a population; monitoring ________ over time is used to develop policies to improve health outcomes

Answer 42

Mortality

Question 43

the procedures, equipment, and processes by which medical care is delivered

Answer 43

Medical Technology

Question 44

A strain of then S. aureus bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics. In community settings, ______ is usually confined to the skin; in medical facilities, _____ causes life-threatening bloodstream and surgical site infections and pneumonia

Answer 44

Methicillin-ressitant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 45

agency of the HHS that conducts research to discover causes and treatments for diseases

Answer 45

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Question 46

a mental illness and brain disorder caused by addiction to drugs used to relieve pain such as morphine or synthetic opioids

Answer 46

Opioid use disorder

Question 47

when an infectious disease affects large numbers of people and spreads around the world. The COVID 19 virus increased in numbers in China (epidemic), but when the virus and illness caused by the virus spread around the world causing many deaths, the outbreak was considered a __________ .

Answer 47

Pandemic

Question 48

refers to wearing face masks, gowns, and gloves in a healthcare setting to prevent the transmission of infectious disease.

Answer 48

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 49

Birth that occurs before 37 weeks' gestation; can be caused by lack of prenatal care, underlying disease in the mother or multiple births. preterm infants often need additional support, including care in a neonatal intensive nursery because of immature organ systems.

Answer 49

Preterm birth

Question 50

An inflammatory response to a serious and wide-spread infection; the response causes damage to organ systems and can cause shock and death.

Answer 50

Sepsis

Question 51

lack of access to stable housing , nutritious food, employment, education, personal safety, and personal or family support.

Answer 51

Social and economics factors

Question 52

The conditions under which people are born, live, work and age. Lack of access to stable housing , nutritious food, employment, education, reliable transportation, and personal safety influences access to quality health care

Answer 52

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

Question 53

Pandemic caused by a deadly H1N1 influenza A virus that lasted two years, spread worldwide, and caused many deaths.

Answer 53

Spanish Flu (1918 Flu)

Question 54

sudden unexplained death in an infant younger than one year of age , usually between 1 and 4 months of age.

Answer 54

Sudden Infant death Syndrome (SIDS)

Question 55

Healthcare appointments delivered by the clinician through telecommunication technologies. Also, communicating appointment reminders, visit summaries, and laboratory and diagnostic results through an electronic record.

Answer 55

Telehealth

Question 56

paying providers of health care based on the quality of care instead of the volume or number of patients treated or the number of treatment facilities

Answer 56

Value- based care

Question 57

Infection of the digestive tract caused by a virus transmitted between individuals. The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans is the norovirus with symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea.

Answer 57

Viral gastroenteritis

Question 58

Public Health program to prevent communicable diseases through vaccination programs of children, adolescents, and adults. Immunization programs for children have eliminated most childhood infectious diseases such as measles, mumps, meningitis, hepatitis A and B, and polio. Adult immunizations prevent Bacterial pneumonia, shingles, and influenza.

Answer 58

Universal vaccination

Question 59

agency of the United States that directs and coordinates international health within the United Nations system.

Answer 59

World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 60

the spread of harmful microorganisms (virus, bacteria, parasites, fungi) between animals and people. An example is avian flu that is spread between birds or poultry and humans

Answer 60

Zoonotic Diseases