US end of unit test

Question 1

What was the central idea of the “New Negro” movement associated with the Harlem Renaissance?

Answer 1

It promoted Black separatism and the idea of a strong, self-reliant Black identity.

Question 2

What was the Agricultural Credits Act 1923?

Answer 2

The Act funded 12 Credit banks to lend to cooperatives - with the idea that small farms would join together.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the culture of speculation in 1920s America?

Answer 3

A desire to make quick profits through stock market speculation

Question 4

How did the economic situation for women in the 1920s typically differ from the appearance of “liberation” created by the Nineteenth Amendment?

Answer 4

Women’s roles remained largely domestic, with few new economic opportunities.

Question 5

What was one major effect of the rise in consumer goods production and the introduction of hire purchase in the 1920s?

Answer 5

It made expensive goods more affordable to a larger number of people, boosting consumer demand.

Question 6

What was the primary reason banks were able to lend large sums of money for stock speculation in 1929?

Answer 6

Minimal financial checks

Question 7

Which was a negative effect of the Fordney McCumber Tariff of 1922?

Answer 7

Costs increased for Farmers, who relied on foreign markets to export their surplus, and purchased their machinery from abroad.

Question 8

Who was the Republican President between the years 1923 and 1929?

Answer 8

Calvin Coolidge

Question 9

How was wealth distributed across the USA?

Answer 9

Wages in the North Eastern Industrial cities: average $921 a month, wages in rural South: average $361 a month

Question 10

What actions did J.P. Morgan and other financial leaders take in October 1929 to stabilise the stock market?

Answer 10

They bought millions of dollars worth of stocks to boost confidence in the market.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the economic philosophy behind Coolidge’s “trickle-down” theory?

Answer 11

Tax cuts for corporations and the wealthy would stimulate the economy and benefit all income groups.

Question 12

What was the general societal view of the “flapper” lifestyle in the 1920s?

Answer 12

It was largely exaggerated by the media, with most women still adhering to traditional roles.

Question 13

What is the best definition of yellow dog clauses?

Answer 13

Clauses in an employees contract which forbade them from joining a trade union.

Question 14

How did Margaret Sanger contribute to the birth control movement in the 1920s?

Answer 14

She founded the American Birth Control League and fought against anti-contraception laws.

Question 15

What was a key reason Henry Ford’s assembly line was revolutionary for the automobile industry?

Answer 15

It significantly reduced the production cost of cars

Question 16

In what way did the automobile industry influence other sectors of the American economy in the 1920s?

Answer 16

It created demand for new industries such as steel, rubber, and glass, boosting those sectors.

Question 17

How did weaknesses in the banking system contribute to the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression?

Answer 17

• Many banks were overexposed to the stock market, and when stock prices crashed, they faced massive losses and became insolvent.
• Banks made risky loans to speculators, which were difficult to recover when the market collapsed, leading to widespread bank failures.
• A lack of government regulation meant that many banks engaged in reckless lending practices, which inflated the stock market bubble and led to its eventual collapse.
• The collapse of major banks caused a loss of confidence in the financial system, leading to mass withdrawals by depositors and further bank closures.

Question 18

What was the great northern migration?

Answer 18

Just under 1 million black Americans moved to northern industrial cities to escape the Jim Crow South and find better opportunities

Question 19

What was the Agricultural Credits Act 1923? What did it aim to do?

Answer 19

The Act funded twelve Credit banks to fund cooperatives - with the idea that small farms would join together. However, this was a loan - which small scale farmers could not pay back - so did not take out the loan.

Question 20

Which of the following was a significant social impact of the mass production and availability of automobiles in the 1920s?

Answer 20

It increased the mobility of the middle class, allowing for suburban expansion.

Question 21

How did the 1921 Emergency Immigration Law and the 1924 Johnson-Reed Act affect immigration to the United States?

Answer 21

They introduced strict quotas that favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe, while severely limiting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Question 22

When was Black Tuesday?

Answer 22

When was Black Tuesday?

Question 23

How did the Ku Klux Klan exert political influence during the peak of its power in the 1920s?

Answer 23

The Klan played a role in electing members to political offices at the local, state, and national levels, often controlling local law enforcement.

Question 24

Why was the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) supported by many women’s groups and religious organisations?

Answer 24

They believed alcohol contributed to social issues like domestic violence and moral decline.

Question 25

What significant political change occurred in 1920, marking a major milestone for women in the U.S.?

Answer 25

The passing of the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote

Question 26

How did advertising change in the 1920s, contributing to the consumer boom?

Answer 26

Advertising became more focused on emotional appeal and celebrity endorsements.

Question 27

What was the impact of the 1927 “The Jazz Singer” on the film industry?

Answer 27

It marked the transition from silent movies to films with synchronised sound, revolutionising cinema.

Question 28

What was a major consequence of the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare of the 1920s?

Answer 28

The widespread arrest and deportation of suspected radicals, including thousands of immigrants, many without evidence of wrongdoing.

Question 29

By how much did union membership fall by during the 1920s?

Answer 29

Union membership fell from 5 million to 3.4 million in the 1920s

Question 30

By 1929, how much consumer goods had been bought on credit in the U.S.?

Answer 30

$7 billion

Question 31

What was the bull pool?

Answer 31

A group of investors working together to drive up stock prices

Question 32

How many Americans had become “speculators” by 1929?

Answer 32

600,000

Question 33

What was a major reason why the Prohibition law was difficult to enforce in the 1920s?

Answer 33

Widespread corruption within police forces and political offices allowed bootlegging and smuggling to thrive.

Question 34

What was the reality of northern migration?

Answer 34

• Better paid jobs and less discrimination in urban areas, even if jobs were menial
• Ghettoisation, many black Americans ended up living in poor and overcrowded conditions

Question 35

How did the 1921 Sheppard-Towner Act impact women’s roles in society?

Answer 35

It provided healthcare aid to pregnant women, reinforcing women’s traditional role as mothers.