US end of unit test Flashcards
What was the central idea of the “New Negro” movement associated with the Harlem Renaissance?
It promoted Black separatism and the idea of a strong, self-reliant Black identity.
What was the Agricultural Credits Act 1923?
The Act funded 12 Credit banks to lend to cooperatives - with the idea that small farms would join together.
Which of the following best describes the culture of speculation in 1920s America?
A desire to make quick profits through stock market speculation
How did the economic situation for women in the 1920s typically differ from the appearance of “liberation” created by the Nineteenth Amendment?
Women’s roles remained largely domestic, with few new economic opportunities.
What was one major effect of the rise in consumer goods production and the introduction of hire purchase in the 1920s?
It made expensive goods more affordable to a larger number of people, boosting consumer demand.
What was the primary reason banks were able to lend large sums of money for stock speculation in 1929?
Minimal financial checks
Which was a negative effect of the Fordney McCumber Tariff of 1922?
Costs increased for Farmers, who relied on foreign markets to export their surplus, and purchased their machinery from abroad.
Who was the Republican President between the years 1923 and 1929?
Calvin Coolidge
How was wealth distributed across the USA?
Wages in the North Eastern Industrial cities: average $921 a month, wages in rural South: average $361 a month
What actions did J.P. Morgan and other financial leaders take in October 1929 to stabilise the stock market?
They bought millions of dollars worth of stocks to boost confidence in the market.
Which of the following best describes the economic philosophy behind Coolidge’s “trickle-down” theory?
Tax cuts for corporations and the wealthy would stimulate the economy and benefit all income groups.
What was the general societal view of the “flapper” lifestyle in the 1920s?
It was largely exaggerated by the media, with most women still adhering to traditional roles.
What is the best definition of yellow dog clauses?
Clauses in an employees contract which forbade them from joining a trade union.
How did Margaret Sanger contribute to the birth control movement in the 1920s?
She founded the American Birth Control League and fought against anti-contraception laws.
What was a key reason Henry Ford’s assembly line was revolutionary for the automobile industry?
It significantly reduced the production cost of cars
In what way did the automobile industry influence other sectors of the American economy in the 1920s?
It created demand for new industries such as steel, rubber, and glass, boosting those sectors.
How did weaknesses in the banking system contribute to the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression?
- Many banks were overexposed to the stock market, and when stock prices crashed, they faced massive losses and became insolvent.
- Banks made risky loans to speculators, which were difficult to recover when the market collapsed, leading to widespread bank failures.
- A lack of government regulation meant that many banks engaged in reckless lending practices, which inflated the stock market bubble and led to its eventual collapse.
- The collapse of major banks caused a loss of confidence in the financial system, leading to mass withdrawals by depositors and further bank closures.
What was the great northern migration?
Just under 1 million black Americans moved to northern industrial cities to escape the Jim Crow South and find better opportunities
What was the Agricultural Credits Act 1923? What did it aim to do?
The Act funded twelve Credit banks to fund cooperatives - with the idea that small farms would join together. However, this was a loan - which small scale farmers could not pay back - so did not take out the loan.
Which of the following was a significant social impact of the mass production and availability of automobiles in the 1920s?
It increased the mobility of the middle class, allowing for suburban expansion.
How did the 1921 Emergency Immigration Law and the 1924 Johnson-Reed Act affect immigration to the United States?
They introduced strict quotas that favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe, while severely limiting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
When was Black Tuesday?
When was Black Tuesday?
How did the Ku Klux Klan exert political influence during the peak of its power in the 1920s?
The Klan played a role in electing members to political offices at the local, state, and national levels, often controlling local law enforcement.
Why was the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) supported by many women’s groups and religious organisations?
They believed alcohol contributed to social issues like domestic violence and moral decline.
What significant political change occurred in 1920, marking a major milestone for women in the U.S.?
The passing of the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote
How did advertising change in the 1920s, contributing to the consumer boom?
Advertising became more focused on emotional appeal and celebrity endorsements.
What was the impact of the 1927 “The Jazz Singer” on the film industry?
It marked the transition from silent movies to films with synchronised sound, revolutionising cinema.
What was a major consequence of the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare of the 1920s?
The widespread arrest and deportation of suspected radicals, including thousands of immigrants, many without evidence of wrongdoing.
By how much did union membership fall by during the 1920s?
Union membership fell from 5 million to 3.4 million in the 1920s
By 1929, how much consumer goods had been bought on credit in the U.S.?
$7 billion
What was the bull pool?
A group of investors working together to drive up stock prices
How many Americans had become “speculators” by 1929?
600,000
What was a major reason why the Prohibition law was difficult to enforce in the 1920s?
Widespread corruption within police forces and political offices allowed bootlegging and smuggling to thrive.
What was the reality of northern migration?
- Better paid jobs and less discrimination in urban areas, even if jobs were menial
- Ghettoisation, many black Americans ended up living in poor and overcrowded conditions
How did the 1921 Sheppard-Towner Act impact women’s roles in society?
It provided healthcare aid to pregnant women, reinforcing women’s traditional role as mothers.
