T2 01-07 UK starter Flashcards
Explain why there was a shift towards a more comprehensive welfare state (1939-1951?)
*Legacies of the 1930s and hardships of WWII
*Shift to a more collectivist attitude
* The Beveridge Report 1942
Explain at least one reason why Clement Attlee won a landslide at the July 1945 General Election?
- Let us Face the Future supported BR
- Labour MP’s service during Wartime Gov.
- Tory problems (Associated with hardships of the 1930s and mistakes in their campaign)
List at least two Acts that were introduced by Attlee that made up his ‘New Jerusalem’ (Welfare State)?
- The Family Allowances Act, 1945
- The National Insurance Act, 1946
- The Industrial Injuries Act, 1946
- The National Assistance Act, 1948
- Creation of NHS 1948
Explain what happened to the Welfare State between 1951-1964?
It continued under the Conservatives, creating the post-war consensus
Define the ‘New Right’ and why they challenged the welfare state?
‘New Right’ - A branch of political (and sociological thinking) that emerged in the 70s. Inefficiency, inflation and dependency culture.
What acts/bodies began to expand healthcare provision in the interwar years?
Ministry of Health (1919)
Local Government Act (1929)
Emergency Medical Service (1939)
What problems existed in healthcare in the interwar years?
Regional Inequality
Many had to rely on private health insurance
Less than half the population insured against illness by 1929
What caused the creation of the NHS?
Emergency Medical Service - blueprint for national health system
The Beveridge Report 1942
What were the principles of the NHS laid out in the National Health Service Act 1946?
Healthcare would be universal, comprehensive and free at the point of use
How was the NHS to be structured?
A nationalised, tripartite system
Who worked as part of the National Government and was the Minister for Labour during the Second World War?
Ernest Bevin - Bevin was committed to improving workers conditions
How much of the civilian population was involved in war work by 1944?
33% of the civilian population, including 7m women
How much of the civilian population was involved in war work by 1944?
33% of the civilian population, including 7m women
What two laws were introduced that impacted on employment during the Second World War?
- Bevin introduced the Essential Work Order 1941: tied people to jobs considered essential to war effort
- Control of Employment Act 1939: allowed semi-skilled workers to take formerly skilled jobs
What happened to levels of employment during the 1950’s and 1960’s?
In the 1950s and 1960s, with better education and a buoyant economy, people had more employment choice. As technology developed, there were more opportunities, for example, in electronics, light engineering and the provision of consumer goods.
What event, starting in 1798, signalled the need for radical and immediate improvements in Industrial Relations?
The Winter of Discontent. A wave of strikes erupted across Britain as workers rejected the Labour government’s attempt to impose wage limits in the face of rising inflation
Explain the term welfare state?
Spending from the government to improve health, education, employment and support people.
Briefly bullet point two examples of “welfare” provided by the gov before 1918?
- Victorian poor laws
- Liberal Reforms
Explain what the Unemployment Act 1920 did?
Set up the dole system →provided 15 weeks of unemployment benefits to over 11 million workers
Why was the provision of welfare reduced in the 1930s?
The Great Depression harmed the economy, fuelling high unemployment and low tax returns
What two acts reduced the provision of welfare in the 1930s?
- The National Economy Act 1931 → introduced a means test and requirement to reapply for benefits after 6 months
- The Unemployment Act 1934 → reduced long-term benefits
Explain why there was a shift towards a more comprehensive welfare state (1939-1951?)
*Legacies of the 1930s and hardships of WWII
*Shift to a more collectivist attitude
* The Beveridge Report 1942
Explain at least one reason why Clement Attlee won a landslide at the July 1945 General Election?
- Let us Face the Future supported BR
- Labour MP’s service during Wartime Gov.
- Tory problems (Associated with hardships of the 1930s and mistakes in their campaign)