us civil war - how was the war fought

Question 1

who are the two groups

Answer 1

union - republicans - north (good)

confederates - democrats - south (bad)

Question 2

what was the confederate situation before the war

Answer 2

• if delaware, missiouri, maryland, kentucky joined the south, their industrial capacity would have increased to 80% but they didn’t
• they thought they would have had British support, but they didn’t
• more soldiers
• southern men were used to guns and there was a strong military population

Question 3

what was the aim for the confederates going into the war?

Answer 3

needed to survive as an independent state, defend its land and erode the apetite for war

Question 4

what was the union situation prior to the war?

Answer 4

• economic advantage
• resources were outstretched
• 10x industrial capacity
• 32x firearms production
• population of 22 million
• twice as much railroad than the south

Question 5

what was the aim for the union in the civil war?

Answer 5

needed to force the confederacy states to return to the union

they needed to defeat the armies

force the submission of the confederate leadership and people

Question 6

how did the geography impact the war?

Answer 6

confederacy was 2 million km - difficult to blockade

confederate forces did not need to invade north, union had to attack - union had to keep the land, and defense is easier

between washington and richmond, there were rivers - union had more obstacles

long coastline in the south - hard to block and allowed for more resources

Question 7

who led the war?

Answer 7

Jefferson Davis - Confederate President

Stonewall Jackson
Robert E Lee

Ulysses S. Grant - Union President

McClellan
Sherman

Question 8

what was Abraham Lincoln’s personality like?

Answer 8

• good sense of character, especially with choosing cabinet
• delegated tasks effectively
• good strategies
• good management
• communicated well with others

Question 9

what were the arguements against Lincoln?

Answer 9

• focused on political matters rather than war effort
• small staff provided to be insufficient for task
• machinery of government was slow

Question 10

what was Jefferson Davis like?

Answer 10

• highly capable Secretary of War
• part of planter class who owned slaves, southern elite
• good military and political experience
• good at tough decisions
• clashed with his cabinet

Question 11

how was the union going to finance the war?

Answer 11

• established treasury and gold reserves from tariffs
• sold bonds and encouraged people to buy into them with interest - financed 2/3 of 3.4 billion in direct costs by selling bonds
• introduced new taxes and tariffs on inheritance, buisness, property and foreign goods.
• created a seperate currency from confederacy
• printed more money

Question 12

how were the confederacy going to finance the war?

Answer 12

• union blockade made it hard to sell cotton and raise money from tariffs
• taxes on income/profit/property were unpopular
• government accepted a loan for half a million from Alabama
• took hard currency from among southern planter and farmer classes
• small export duty on cotton
• government aimed a new loan at reigon’s commercial and banking interests
• seized land and property
• cotton bonds

Question 13

first battle of bull run/first manassas

Answer 13

july 21st 1861

manassas, virginia

sherman U, McDowell U, Stonwall Jackson C, Beauguard C

Confederacy won

• boosted southern morale
• union reevaluated strategy
• shattered expectation that this would be a quick battle

Question 14

battle of shiloh

Answer 14

6 april 1862 - 7 april

corinth, tenessee (they wanted to take over rail network here)

Johnston C, Grant U, Beauguard C

Union won

• Grant was villianified in the press for being caught unprepared, but Lincoln defended him
• Johnston’s death was damaging for confederacy as Jefferson ranked him high
• 62,000 troops either died, wounded, captured or went missing

Question 15

Battle of Antietam

Answer 15

17th september 1862

Washington Country, Maryland

Lee C, McClellan U

Union won

• bloodiest day in American History, 22,727 people were dead, wounded or missing
• 22nd proclamation which vowed to free the slaves.
• this was a turning point for slavery

Question 16

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 16

18th May - 4th July 1863

Vicksburg, Mississippi

Grant U, Pemberton C

Union won

• Union had total control over Mississippi River giving them an advantage with transporting goods without disruption
• 15 miles of trenches was built around Pemberton’s forces to encapture them

Question 17

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 17

1-3 July 1863

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Hooker U, Meade U, Robert E Lee C, Longstreet C, Pickett C

Union won
- huge blow for confederacy, Lee was no longer seen as unbeatable

• Lee never launched another major invasion again
• 51,000 casualties in total

Question 18

Battle of Chattanooga

Answer 18

23-25th November 1863

Tennessee

Sherman, Hooker, Grant, Braxton Bragg

big union victory

• Grant set up a line which was a union supply line that crossed Tennessee River and fed starving union forces

Question 19

Battle of Siege of Petersburg

Answer 19

9th March - 25th march 1865

Petersburg, Virginia

Robert Lee C, Beaurguard C, Grant U, Burnside U

Union won

• marked significance of Lee and collapse of Confederacy
• significant of casualties

Question 20

what was the wildnerness campaign

Answer 20

bloodiest 6 weeks of the war

union suffered 18,000 casualties

Question 21

what was the Atlanta Campaign

Answer 21

Sherman headed towards Atlanta which was an important industrial rail centre, but Johnston retreated.

Johnston was replaced with Hood, but when they attacked on the Union line, this led to the death of 20,000 confederates

Question 22

what were the 1864 elections?

Answer 22

the war department allowed regiments to return home to vote and 78% of this soliders vote went to Lincoln.

the election was mostly a referendum on whether the North should continue fighting

Question 23

how did the confederacy collapse?

Answer 23

Union forces reached and captured Savannah which inflicted $100 million damage on Georgia which crippleda lot of the state’s railway

Thomas delayedthe attack and when he struck on 15-16 December, this won the battle

the battle of Nashville destroyed Hood’s army of Tennessee.

Question 24

what was the war situation in the late 1864

Answer 24

Lincoln spoke confidently of the victory and that whilst their resources were exhausted, the military and naval forces were still large and the economy was still doing well.

Confederacy’s situation was desperate and Lee’s army suffered massively

Question 25

why did the peace attempts not work?

Answer 25

Lincoln was not prepared to compromise on slavery or disunion. Davis was not prepared to surrender.

Question 26

what was the surrender?

Answer 26

Lee and Grant met on 10th April, and Lee surrendered.

Lee’s surrender was the most effective and the southerners had no interest in a guerilla war.