key individuals within the movement, and rise of Black power Flashcards
key individuals within the civil rights movement and the rise of Black Power
What was MLK involvement
- march on washington 1963
- watts riot 1965
- chicago 1966
- meredith march 1966
- affirmative action
- poor people campaign 1968
what was the March on Washington? 1963 - MLK involvement
- one of the key organisers
- bring together various organisations and leaders
- i have a dream speech
- widely credited for helping build support for the movement
what was MLK’s involvement in Watt’s Riot
- did not support the violence so arrived after it had finished
- wanted to support these living in ghettos
- said the violence was environmental due to conditions
what was the Chicago Riot of 1966? MLK involvement
- King and SCLC announced plan to launch campaign to address the issues of racial segregation, discriminatory housing practises and economic injustice
- King led open housing march to protest discriminatory housing practises
- bring attention
- failed to achieve immediate results
what is MLK’s involvement Meredith March 1966
- James Meredith
- aimed to protest against racism and encourage African Americans to exercise their voting rights
- MLK - participation and continued to attract admiring crowds
- his leadership and reputation inspired people to join the March 6, 2024
what is the MLK’s involvement affirmative action?
- responses to institutionalised discrimination and racial equality
- MLK had a key role
What was the MLK’s involvement in the Poor People Campaign 1968
- initiated by MLK and SLCC
- Goal - address economic injustice and poverty
when was MLK assassinated
April 1968
what were the successes of MLK
+ civil rights act of 1964 - due to his leadership
+ voting rights act of 1965 - role
+ nobel peace prize
+ media attention
+ inspiration
what were the weaknesses of MLK
- wanted to be involved in all planning
- often took credit
- limited economic progress
what were black nationalists
those who favored a seperate black nation either within US or Africa
who was Elijah Muhammed
- led the Black Muslims of the Nation of Islam from 1934-1975
- claimed Allah originally created people black and other races were created by an evil scientist
- advocated for speratism and armed self defense against white aggression
what were aims of the Nation of Islam
- provide black people with an alternative to the white mans Christian religion
- persuade members to live a religious life
- increase black self-esteem
- keep and whites seperate
- encourage black to improve their economic situation
- set up temples in northern black ghettos
methods/impacts of Nation of Islam
+ high membership
+ attracted and inspired ghetto dwellers - self-confidence
+ emphasised racial pride and economic self help
+ Muhammed created buisnesses - symbolised black success and gave rare employment opportunities in the ghettos
+ unrealistic
+ teachings exacerbated divisions between races
+ didn’t like MLK - divisions between groups
+ expected people to convert to a religious life
who was Malcom X
= rough childhood - poor area
= arrested for burglary
= believe non-violence wouldn’t work
= believed a revolution was necessary
= installed fear in white Americans
= converted to the Nation of Islam
= preached and recruited into NOI
= believed people had to control their own lives, rely on self-help and defend their own communities
what was ‘The Hate That Hate Produced’
1959 - tv documentary about NOI
showed that racial views that led to the backlash represented by people like Malcom
NOI portrayed as racists and a hate group which was a hate group
failed to include successes on NOI
why did Malcom X split from NOI
1963 - Malcom was suspended
1964 - Split from NOI
what was the organisation of Afro-American Unity (OAAU)
aimed to unite all people of African descent and promote political, economic and social independence for Black
move towards socialism, propelled by the economic inequality
when was Malcom assassinated
1965 in NOI
sucessess of Malcom X
- drew attention to conditions in ghettos
- brought US blacks more closely in contact with the opressed black people throughout the world
- iconic role model for the youth
- inspired a new generation of black leaders and the black power movement
- first real prominent advocate of separatism
weaknesses of Malcom X
- many consider him negative and irresponsible
- suggested Blacks had to resort to violence
- many consider him irresponsible
