URTKWEYK!??!? Flashcards
earthquake to
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Definition
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth’s surface caused by the sudden release of
energy in the Earth’s crust, resulting in seismic waves.
Causes
Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates along faults. Other causes include volcanic activity, landslides, and human activities such as mining or reservoir induced seismicity
Classification
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- Based on Depth:
- Shallow Earthquakes: Occur within 70 kilometers (43 miles) of the Earth’s
surface. - Intermediate Earthquakes: Occur between 70 and 300 kilometers (43 to 186
miles) deep. - Deep Earthquakes: Occur at depths greater than 300 kilometers (186 miles)
below the Earth’s surface. - Based on Origin:
- Tectonic Earthquakes: Result from the movement of tectonic plates.
- Volcanic Earthquakes: Associated with volcanic activity, such as magma
movement and volcanic eruptions. - Induced Earthquakes: Triggered by human activities, such as reservoir-induced
seismicity or mining. - Based on Magnitude:
- Microearthquakes: Magnitude less than 2.0.
- Minor Earthquakes: Magnitude between 2.0 and 4.0.
- Light Earthquakes: Magnitude between 4.0 and 4.9.
- Moderate Earthquakes: Magnitude between 5.0 and 5.9.
- Strong Earthquakes: Magnitude between 6.0 and 6.9.
- Major Earthquakes: Magnitude between 7.0 and 7.9.
- Great Earthquakes: Magnitude 8.0 and above.
- Based on Location:
- Intraplate Earthquakes: Occur within a tectonic plate, away from plate
boundaries. - Interplate Earthquakes: Occur along plate boundaries, where tectonic plates
interact.
Effects
Earthquakes can cause various effects, including ground shaking, surface rupture, landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, and secondary hazards such as fires and floods.
Mitigation and Preparedness
Mitigation measures include building earthquake-resistant
structures, land-use planning, strengthening infrastructure, early warning systems, public
education, and emergency preparedness drills.
Intensity
The degree of shaking and damage caused by an earthquake at a specific location.
Magnitude
The total energy released by an earthquake at its source, indicating its size and strength.
Plutonic
Igneous rocks formed beneath the Earth’s surface through slow cooling of magma.
Tectonic
Processes related to the movement and deformation of the Earth’s outer shell due to
interactions between tectonic plates.
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