Types of Hazards

Question 1

Natural Hazards

Answer 1

• Geological Hazards: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis.
• Hydrometeorological Hazards: Tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons), tornadoes,
  thunderstorms, hailstorms, floods, droughts, heatwaves, cold waves, flash floods,
  riverbank erosion, storm surges.

Question 2

Technological Hazards

Answer 2

• Industrial Hazards: Chemical spills, explosions, fires at industrial facilities.
• Nuclear Hazards: Radiation leaks, nuclear reactor accidents.
• Transportation Hazards: Plane crashes, train derailments, maritime accidents.
• Structural Hazards: Building collapses, bridge failures.

Question 3

Biological Hazards

Answer 3

• Infectious Diseases: Pandemics, epidemics, outbreaks of diseases like influenza, Ebola,
  COVID-19.
• Vector-Borne Diseases: Malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, Lyme disease.
• Foodborne Illnesses: Contamination of food leading to illness outbreaks, such as
  Salmonella or E. coli.

Question 4

Environmental Hazards

Answer 4

• Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination.
• Climate Change: Rising temperatures, sea level rise, extreme weather events, changing
  precipitation patterns.

Question 5

Social and Economic Hazards

Answer 5

• Poverty: Lack of access to basic resources and services, economic instability.
• Civil Unrest: Riots, protests, conflicts, terrorism.
• Cybersecurity Threats: Hacking, data breaches, cyber-attacks.

Question 6

Human-Induced Hazards

Answer 6

• Industrial Accidents: Chemical spills, explosions, fires at industrial facilities.
• Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination.
• Climate Change: Resulting from human activities such as burning fossil fuels,
  deforestation, and industrial processes.
• Resource Depletion: Overexploitation of natural resources leading to depletion,
  degradation, and loss of essential ecosystem services.
• Nuclear Accidents: Accidents or incidents involving nuclear reactors, nuclear weapons, or
  radioactive materials.
• Urbanization and Land Use Changes: Alterations in land use patterns and rapid
  urbanization contributing to environmental degradation, habitat loss, and vulnerability to
  natural hazards.