Urolothiasis Flashcards
1
Q
Etiology of urolithiasis
A
Metabolic, meds, climate, diet, genetics, lifestyle, hypercalcemia , hyperuricemia (gout), men
-must have Vit D c calcium in order for calcium to be absorbed into digestive tract & not formed into calculi
2
Q
Patho of calculi
A
- slow urine flow causing accumulation of Urine c Calcium
- becomes crystallized & turns into calculi
- it occludes ureter & blocks flow of urine
- ureter dilates & enlargement of ureter (hydronephrosis- swelling of kidney d/t buildup of urine)
- increase risk of permanent kidney damage
3
Q
Clinical manifestations of urolithiasis
A
- severe pain (flank region suggests stone in kidney or upper ureter)
- flank pain radiating to abd or scrotum (calculi in ureter or bladder)
- sweating, N/V, grey facial colour
- pallor
- bladder distension
- elevation of VS (BP decease if in shock)
4
Q
Diagnostics of calculi - urolithiasis
A
- urinalysis
- CBC(wbc -infection)
- x Rays
- renal ultrasound
- serum calcium, phosphate, uric acid
5
Q
Assessment of pt with urolithiasis
A
Hx
- personal or family of calculi
- diet, fluid intake
- if previous stone ask past Tx, chemical analysis of stone ?
- preventive measures
6
Q
Nursing management of pt with urolithiasis
A
- pain management
- prevent infection & obstruction (antibiotics)
- increase fluids (2-3 L)
- expel stone & collect to test
CAM therapies
- relaxation
- straining of urine
- lithotripsy: use of sound, laser, shock wave energies to break calculi into smaller fragments
7
Q
Surgical management for pt with urolithiasis
A
- stunting (tube placed into ureter)
- retrograde ureteroscopy (removal of stone from ureter)
- percutaneously ureterolithotomy & nepheolithotomy (passage of needle into collecting systems of kidney, sound or laser to break stone, stone withdrawn, nephrostomy tube left in place to prevent stone fragments passing through urinary tract)
8
Q
Define urolithiasis
A
Presence of calculi within the urinary tract
-often a symptomatic until calculi pass into lower tract=pain
