Urology, Opthalmology

Question 1

Posterior urethral valve pathogenesis

Answer 1

Difficulty getting urine out

Question 2

Posterior urethral valve patient presentation

Answer 2

No urine on day one, oligohydramnios, increased creatinine

Question 3

How to diagnose posterior urethral valves?

Answer 3

Catheterize, then do a VCUG

Question 4

How to treat posterior urethral valves

Answer 4

Catheterize then resect and reimplant

Question 5

Circumcise epi/hypospadias?

Answer 5

Save foreskin

Question 6

UPJ obstruction pathogenesis

Answer 6

Narrow lumen catheter, obstruction with high flows

Question 7

How does UPJ obstruction present?

Answer 7

Normal with normal flow, but with large diuresis there is colicky abdominal pain

Question 8

How to diagnose UPJ obstruction?

Answer 8

IV pyelogram

Question 9

How to treat UPJ obstruction?

Answer 9

Stenting and surgery.

Question 10

Low implantation of ureter?

Answer 10

Boys are asymptomatic but girls have normal voiding and constant leak

Question 11

How to diagnose low implantation of ureter?

Answer 11

IV pyelogram

Question 12

Vesicoureteral reflux?

Answer 12

2 way bladder ->ureter valves. Ascending bacteria. Frequent UTIs or any pyelonephritis. Surgery, empiric antibiotic abx, ppx

Question 13

Hematuria

Answer 13

Kids don’t pee blood unless huge trauma, any blood in urine requires US IVP CT.