Question Review Flashcards
Signs of intentional burn injury
Zebra striping, lack of splash marks, well demarcated, sparing of flexor surfaces and creases.
Two year old child language?
200 words, 50% intelligible by stranger, 2 word sentences
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome cause and symptoms
X linked recessive in WASP gene. Features are eczema, microthrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections
Bone pain worse at night but improved with ibuprofen?
Osteoid osteoma
Genetics for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
X linked deletion of dystrophin due to a frameshift
Genetics for Becker muscular dystrophy
X linked reduction in amount of dystrophin due to a nonsense mutation
Genetics for myotonic dystrophy
Autosomal dominant expansion of CTG
Comorbidities for duchenne muscular dystrophy
Scoliosis, cardiomyopathy
Cause of death in friedrich’s ataxia?
Cardiomyopathy
Newborns and varicella
Newborns are not at any increased risk for complications from varicella after day 2. If mom has varicella 5 days prepartum, give VZV ig
Common complication of delivery
Broken clavicle presents as anterior shoulder bulge.
Infectious contraindications to breast feeding?
Drug contraindications for breast feeding?
HIV, active pulmonary TB, typhoid, sepsis
Heroin, amphetamines, cocaine
Complication of small-for-date infants
Congenital abnormalities
PPHN hemodynamics
Increased pulm pressure and decreased systemic pressure lead to R to L shunt across PDA and cyanosis
Apt-downey test?
Given to newborns with melena or hematemesis to distinguish if blood is maternal or fetal
Derangements of infants born to diabetic mothers?
Immediate hypoglycemia followed by hypocalcemia 24-48 hours later
Treatment for galactosemia?
Stop giving milk, switch to soy protein
Injections to newborns?
Vitamin K, hepatitis B vaccine
Most common TE fistule
Proximal esophageal atresia, distal fistulization
McCune-Albrigt Syndrome
Sporadic mutation in GPCR
Precocious puberty, bone defects (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia), cafe au lait spots
Earliest manifestation of sickle cell?
Dactylitis
Jervell-Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
How to treat if symptomatic?
Long QT with sensorineural hearing loss. Autosomal recessive.
Treat with beta blockers and pacemaker if symptomatic
Fanconi Anemia
Caused by defects in DNA repair, causes aplastic anemia, short stature, hypoplastic thumbs, strabismus, low set ears, hypo/hyper pigmented areas
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children? Treatment?
Minimal change disease. Treat with steroids
Vitamin abnormalities with CF?
ADEK
B1 deficiency
Beri beri, peripheral neuropathy and cardiomyopathy
Workup for breath-holding spells?
CBC because they can be associated with iron deficiency anemia
How to treat a cat bite?
Augmentin, because want to prevent pasteurella cellulitis
Edwards syndrome
Trisomy 18 – Clenched firsts, low birth weight, microcephaly, micrognathia, rockerbottom feet. VSD!!!!
Patau syndrome
Trisomy 13- cleft lip, polydactyly, hypotelorism, absent ribs
Cri-du-chat syndrome
5P deletion – microcephaly, metpic suture prominence, cat-like-cry
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome, most common complications
Macrosomia, umbilical hernias, macroglossia.
Wilms tumor and hepatoblastomas.
Toxic ingestion that causes QRS widening? How to treat?
TCA ingestion. Treat with bicarb.
Liver biopsy of Reye syndrome?
Shows microvesicular fatty infiltration of liver.
How to treat nonbullous impetigo?
Topical muciprocin
How to treat gonococcal conjunctivitis?
ORAL erythromycin
Stridor caused by laryngomalecia vs vascular ring
Laryngomalecia is worse supine and improves prone.
Vascular ring improves with neck extension.
Any prophylaxis for patient with RF?
Yes, YEARS of Penicillin prophylaxis to prevent recurrent strep pharyngitis.
Causes of neonatal polycythemia
Maternal diabetes (poor gas exchange over placenta), maternal hypertension/preeclampsia, twin-twin transfusion
Symptoms of neonatal polycythemia
Fussiness, jitteriness, respiratory distress
How to treat neonatal polycythemia?
Hydration if asymptomatic, exchange transfusion if symptomatic.
New onset hearing loss with ear drainage despite antibiotics?
Cholesteatoma
Cause of death in fulminant meningococcemia?
Waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome with adrenal infarction
Complication of being large for gestational age?
Peripheral nerve injuries like Erb-Duchenne Palsy and phrenic nerve paralysis
Cause of recurrent hemoptysis and diagnosis?
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, bronchoalveolar lavage
How to distinguish bacterial tracheitis from croup? How to treat bacterial tracheitis
Bacterial tracheitis is rapid onset after viral infection and has high fever. Treat with intubation and intravenous antibiotics.
Croup has low grade fever.
How to treat ITP?
If just skin manifestations, observe. If bleeding, give IVIG.
Need to give pertussis prophylaxis to close contacts?
Yes, give macrolide prophylaxis
What type of nephrotic syndrome does hepatitis B cause?
Membranous nephropathy
Serum Sickness
Fever, hives, polyarthralgias 1 week after beta lactam antibiotics
Location of muscle weakness in myotonic dystrophy?
Distal muscle weakness.
IgA nephropathy
Nephritic syndrome 1 or 2 days after upper respiratory illness. Hematuria. Complement levels normal
Minimal change disease
Can happen after viral infection causes proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome.
PSGN time course vs iga nephropathy
Two weeks later as opposed to being synpharyngitic.
PSGN has low C3 and low-to-low-normal C4
Baby with unibrow?
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome
CHARGE syndrome
Coloboma Heart disease Atretic choanae Retardation Genital abnormalities Ear abnormalities
Subgaleal hemorrhage
Firm swelling over scalp which extends to the ears and pushes them out.
Persistent posterior fontanelle, umbilical hernia, jaundice in a newborn?
Hypothyroidism
Harlequin skin
Newborn infant with one side pale and the other pink
Diamond Blackfan Anemia
Pure red cell aplasia.
Moyamoya
Finding in sickle cell patients on angiography that shows puff of smoke where there is new vessel formation
Which deficiency causes early onset SLE?
C2 deficiency
Job Syndrome
Hyper IgE, FATED Facies Abscesses (cold) Teeth (retained) igE Dermatologic manifestations (eczema)
Presentation of neuroblastoma
Midline abdominal mass, may present with opsoclonus
Venous hum
Murmur caused by draining of jugular veins. Low pitched murmur absent when patient supine or turns head.
Bacterial complication of galactosemia/
E coli bacteremia
Complication of prolonged immobilization?
Hypercalcemia
MELAS Syndrome
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke
Macrophage activation syndrome
Seen in kids with systemic JIA where fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and DIC occur.
What antibiotic shouldn’t be used in kids under 8 years old?
Fluoroquinolones due to tendon issues. Treat lyme disease with amoxicillin.