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Pediatrics Clerkship > Question Review > Flashcards

Question Review Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of intentional burn injury

A

Zebra striping, lack of splash marks, well demarcated, sparing of flexor surfaces and creases.

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2
Q

Two year old child language?

A

200 words, 50% intelligible by stranger, 2 word sentences

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3
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome cause and symptoms

A

X linked recessive in WASP gene. Features are eczema, microthrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections

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4
Q

Bone pain worse at night but improved with ibuprofen?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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5
Q

Genetics for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

X linked deletion of dystrophin due to a frameshift

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6
Q

Genetics for Becker muscular dystrophy

A

X linked reduction in amount of dystrophin due to a nonsense mutation

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7
Q

Genetics for myotonic dystrophy

A

Autosomal dominant expansion of CTG

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8
Q

Comorbidities for duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

Scoliosis, cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

Cause of death in friedrich’s ataxia?

A

Cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

Newborns and varicella

A

Newborns are not at any increased risk for complications from varicella after day 2. If mom has varicella 5 days prepartum, give VZV ig

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11
Q

Common complication of delivery

A

Broken clavicle presents as anterior shoulder bulge.

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12
Q

Infectious contraindications to breast feeding?

Drug contraindications for breast feeding?

A

HIV, active pulmonary TB, typhoid, sepsis

Heroin, amphetamines, cocaine

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13
Q

Complication of small-for-date infants

A

Congenital abnormalities

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14
Q

PPHN hemodynamics

A

Increased pulm pressure and decreased systemic pressure lead to R to L shunt across PDA and cyanosis

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15
Q

Apt-downey test?

A

Given to newborns with melena or hematemesis to distinguish if blood is maternal or fetal

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16
Q

Derangements of infants born to diabetic mothers?

A

Immediate hypoglycemia followed by hypocalcemia 24-48 hours later

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17
Q

Treatment for galactosemia?

A

Stop giving milk, switch to soy protein

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18
Q

Injections to newborns?

A

Vitamin K, hepatitis B vaccine

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19
Q

Most common TE fistule

A

Proximal esophageal atresia, distal fistulization

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20
Q

McCune-Albrigt Syndrome

A

Sporadic mutation in GPCR

Precocious puberty, bone defects (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia), cafe au lait spots

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21
Q

Earliest manifestation of sickle cell?

A

Dactylitis

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22
Q

Jervell-Lange-Nielsen Syndrome

How to treat if symptomatic?

A

Long QT with sensorineural hearing loss. Autosomal recessive.
Treat with beta blockers and pacemaker if symptomatic

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23
Q

Fanconi Anemia

A

Caused by defects in DNA repair, causes aplastic anemia, short stature, hypoplastic thumbs, strabismus, low set ears, hypo/hyper pigmented areas

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24
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children? Treatment?

A

Minimal change disease. Treat with steroids

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25
Q

Vitamin abnormalities with CF?

A

ADEK

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26
Q

B1 deficiency

A

Beri beri, peripheral neuropathy and cardiomyopathy

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27
Q

Workup for breath-holding spells?

A

CBC because they can be associated with iron deficiency anemia

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28
Q

How to treat a cat bite?

A

Augmentin, because want to prevent pasteurella cellulitis

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29
Q

Edwards syndrome

A

Trisomy 18 – Clenched firsts, low birth weight, microcephaly, micrognathia, rockerbottom feet. VSD!!!!

30
Q

Patau syndrome

A

Trisomy 13- cleft lip, polydactyly, hypotelorism, absent ribs

31
Q

Cri-du-chat syndrome

A

5P deletion – microcephaly, metpic suture prominence, cat-like-cry

32
Q

Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome, most common complications

A

Macrosomia, umbilical hernias, macroglossia.

Wilms tumor and hepatoblastomas.

33
Q

Toxic ingestion that causes QRS widening? How to treat?

A

TCA ingestion. Treat with bicarb.

34
Q

Liver biopsy of Reye syndrome?

A

Shows microvesicular fatty infiltration of liver.

35
Q

How to treat nonbullous impetigo?

A

Topical muciprocin

36
Q

How to treat gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

ORAL erythromycin

37
Q

Stridor caused by laryngomalecia vs vascular ring

A

Laryngomalecia is worse supine and improves prone.

Vascular ring improves with neck extension.

38
Q

Any prophylaxis for patient with RF?

A

Yes, YEARS of Penicillin prophylaxis to prevent recurrent strep pharyngitis.

39
Q

Causes of neonatal polycythemia

A

Maternal diabetes (poor gas exchange over placenta), maternal hypertension/preeclampsia, twin-twin transfusion

40
Q

Symptoms of neonatal polycythemia

A

Fussiness, jitteriness, respiratory distress

41
Q

How to treat neonatal polycythemia?

A

Hydration if asymptomatic, exchange transfusion if symptomatic.

42
Q

New onset hearing loss with ear drainage despite antibiotics?

A

Cholesteatoma

43
Q

Cause of death in fulminant meningococcemia?

A

Waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome with adrenal infarction

44
Q

Complication of being large for gestational age?

A

Peripheral nerve injuries like Erb-Duchenne Palsy and phrenic nerve paralysis

45
Q

Cause of recurrent hemoptysis and diagnosis?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, bronchoalveolar lavage

46
Q

How to distinguish bacterial tracheitis from croup? How to treat bacterial tracheitis

A

Bacterial tracheitis is rapid onset after viral infection and has high fever. Treat with intubation and intravenous antibiotics.

Croup has low grade fever.

47
Q

How to treat ITP?

A

If just skin manifestations, observe. If bleeding, give IVIG.

48
Q

Need to give pertussis prophylaxis to close contacts?

A

Yes, give macrolide prophylaxis

49
Q

What type of nephrotic syndrome does hepatitis B cause?

A

Membranous nephropathy

50
Q

Serum Sickness

A

Fever, hives, polyarthralgias 1 week after beta lactam antibiotics

51
Q

Location of muscle weakness in myotonic dystrophy?

A

Distal muscle weakness.

52
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

Nephritic syndrome 1 or 2 days after upper respiratory illness. Hematuria. Complement levels normal

53
Q

Minimal change disease

A

Can happen after viral infection causes proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome.

54
Q

PSGN time course vs iga nephropathy

A

Two weeks later as opposed to being synpharyngitic.

PSGN has low C3 and low-to-low-normal C4

55
Q

Baby with unibrow?

A

Cornelia De Lange Syndrome

56
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A 
Coloboma
Heart disease
Atretic choanae
Retardation
Genital abnormalities
Ear abnormalities
57
Q

Subgaleal hemorrhage

A

Firm swelling over scalp which extends to the ears and pushes them out.

58
Q

Persistent posterior fontanelle, umbilical hernia, jaundice in a newborn?

A

Hypothyroidism

59
Q

Harlequin skin

A

Newborn infant with one side pale and the other pink

60
Q

Diamond Blackfan Anemia

A

Pure red cell aplasia.

61
Q

Moyamoya

A

Finding in sickle cell patients on angiography that shows puff of smoke where there is new vessel formation

62
Q

Which deficiency causes early onset SLE?

A

C2 deficiency

63
Q

Job Syndrome

A 
Hyper IgE, FATED
Facies
Abscesses (cold)
Teeth (retained)
igE
Dermatologic manifestations (eczema)
64
Q

Presentation of neuroblastoma

A

Midline abdominal mass, may present with opsoclonus

65
Q

Venous hum

A

Murmur caused by draining of jugular veins. Low pitched murmur absent when patient supine or turns head.

66
Q

Bacterial complication of galactosemia/

A

E coli bacteremia

67
Q

Complication of prolonged immobilization?

A

Hypercalcemia

68
Q

MELAS Syndrome

A

Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke

69
Q

Macrophage activation syndrome

A

Seen in kids with systemic JIA where fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and DIC occur.

70
Q

What antibiotic shouldn’t be used in kids under 8 years old?

A

Fluoroquinolones due to tendon issues. Treat lyme disease with amoxicillin.

Pediatrics Clerkship (7 decks)

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