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Medical & Technical Terminology (Exam 2) > Urology/Nephrology (Pt. 2) > Flashcards

Urology/Nephrology (Pt. 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Glans Penis

A

The enlarged tip of the penis; glans is convered by the prepuce or foreskin.

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2
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

Muscular organ that stores urine produced by the kidneys; urine drains into bladder from ureters and exits bladder in urethra.

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3
Q

Epididymis

A

Sits on surface of each testis; stores sperm as they are made by the testes.

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4
Q

Stones

A

Uses the combining form lith/o; they can arise from any part of the body and are usually form from organic or inorganic salts.

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5
Q

What is the location and general composition of the kidneys?

A

One kidney is located on either side of spine at level of lower ribs; each consists of thousands of nephrons.

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6
Q

Glomerulus

A

Portion of each nephron that filters waste products and excess water and electrolytes out of the blood to produce urine; urine drains out of the kidney into ureter and one to urinary bladder for storage.

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7
Q

Testes

A

The male reproductive organs taht produce sperm and testosterone; the two are suspended outside body in the scrotum.

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8
Q

What is the “waiting room” of sperm?

A

As sperm are produced, they travel to epididymis for storage; singular form is testis.

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9
Q

What is the singular form of testes and the alternative name?

A

Singular form is testis; another term for testes is testicles.

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10
Q

Stoma

A

New opening on surface of body.

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11
Q

Prostate Gland

A

One of the male reproductive glands found surrounding urethra at base of bladder; secretes milky fluid that makes up much of the liquid portion of semen and serves to nourish sperm.

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12
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

Area inside each kidney where urine collects as it is being made; each renal pelvis then drains into one of the ureters.

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13
Q

Semen

A

Fluid ejaculated from penis during intercourse; contains sperm and fluids secreted by reproductive glands: prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral.

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14
Q

Sperm

A

Male reproductive cells; produced in testes and ejaculated from body in semen, contain one-half the normal complement of chromosomes.

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15
Q

What heppens when sperm fertilizes ovum?

A

When sperm fertilizes ovum (which also has one-half set of chromosomes), new baby is created with full set of chromosomes.

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16
Q

Ureter

A

A tube leading away from renal pelvis of each kidney, carries urine form kidney to urinary baldder

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17
Q

Urethra

A

Single urethra leads our of the bladder and carries urine outside of body; external opening is meatus.

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18
Q

Urine

A

The fluid produced by nephrons of each kidney as they filter waste, water, and dissolved susbtances from blood.

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19
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

The male reproductive glands found behind bladder; add fluids to sperm as they pass in vas deferens.

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20
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

A

Noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland; condition places pressure on urethra and narrows it resulting in frequency, urgency, and nocturia; commonly seen in males over age 50.

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21
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Blood test to determine kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste, urea, in blood.

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22
Q

Calculus

A

Term for “stone formed within organ”; most are formed from mineral salts; commonly found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi.

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23
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of urethra of males or cervix of females with purulent discharge.

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24
Q

Circumcision

A

Surgical removal of prepuce or foreskin from glans penis; commonly performed on newborn male at request of parents; primary reason is for ease of hygiene; also a ritual practice in some religions.

25
Q

Clean Catch Specimen (CC)

A

Procedure for obtaining urine sample after cleaning urethral meatus and catching urine in midstream (halfway through urination process) to minimize contamination from skin.

26
Q

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

A

Direct examination for presence of enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating (feeling) prostate gland with fingers (digital), through wall of rectum.

27
Q

Erectile Dysfunction

A

Inability to achieve erection of penis for coitus; also called impotence.

28
Q

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Treatment procedure for urinary system stones; utilizes ultrasound waves to break up stones; process is noninvasive, meaning it does not require surgery.

29
Q

Frequency

A

Condition of feeling urge to urinate more oftan normal but without increase in total daily volume of urine; can indicate inflammation of bladder or urethra or benign prostatic hypertrophy.

30
Q

Genital Herpes

A

Highly infectious viral sexually transmitted disease; causes blisterlike lesions on penis of males or cervix and vagina of females.

31
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; infects mucous membranes and can spread throughout entire genitourinary system; often does not cause many symptoms until widespread.

32
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Treatment of renal failure using artifical kidney mechine to filter waste from blood.

33
Q

Hesitancy

A

State of difficulty intiating flow of urine; often symptom of blockage along urethra, such as caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy.

34
Q

Hydrocele

A

Accumulation of fluid within scrotum

35
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

A

X-ray of kidney following injection of dye into vein to visual renal pelvis as kidney filters dye out of bloodstream and puts it into urine.

36
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

Artificial means to remove waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; treatment for renal failure.

37
Q

Phimosis

A

Narrowing of prepuce over glans penis; can cause diffiulty with urination and infection; treatment is circumcision.

38
Q

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

A

Inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts through-out kidney tissue; eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure.

39
Q

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

A

Blood test to screen for prostate cancer

40
Q

Prostatic Cancer

A

Common and slow-growing cancer of prostate gland occuring in males over age 50; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to assist in early detection of this disease.

41
Q

Renal Failure

A

Inability of kidneys to filter wastes from blood and/or produce urine; treatment of severe renal failure is dialysis or renal transplant.

42
Q

Renal Transplant

A

Replacement of diseased kidney by donor kidney

43
Q

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

A

X-ray of urinary bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis following insertion of dye through urethra.

44
Q

Semen Analysis

A

Evaluation of semen for fertility; sperm in semen analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape; procedure would also be used to determine whether vasectomy has been succesful.

45
Q

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

A

Contagious disease acquired through sexually contract; formerly referred to as venereal disease (VD).

46
Q

Sterility

A

Inability to produce children; in males, usually due to problem with sperm production, such as aspermia or oligospermia; also called infertility.

47
Q

Syphilis

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; beings as localized ulcer at point of infection; chronic disease that spreads through lymph nodes to nervous system after years; causing death.

48
Q

Testicular Cancer

A

Cancer of one or both testicles; commonly seen in young men or boys.

49
Q

Transurethral Resection

A

Surgical removal of prostate gland tissue by inserting device called resectoscope through urethra and removing prostate tissue.

50
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Protozoan sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of genitourinary tract in both men and women.

51
Q

Undescended Testicles

A

Congenital anomaly involving failure of one or both of testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth; surgical procedure called orchipexy can be required to brin testes down into scrotum permenantly; also called cryptorchism.

52
Q

Urgency

A

Force or impulse of needing to urinate immediately.

53
Q

Urinalysis (U/A, UA)

A

Laboratory test that consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.

54
Q

Urinary Catheterization (cath)

A

Insertion of flexible tube, catheter, into urinary bladder through urethra; used to withdraw urine or insert dye.

55
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

Involuntary urination; also called enuresis

56
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

Infection of urethra and/or urinary bladder

57
Q

Urine Culture & Sensitivity (C&S)

A

Diagnostic lab procedure that identifies bacterial infection in urinary system and determines best antibiotic to treat it; involves growing bacteria in culture medium and testing different antibiotics on it.

58
Q

Variocele

A

Development of varicose veins leading to testes in scrotum..

59
Q

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

X-ray made while patient voids dye that has been placed in urinary bladder urethra.

Medical & Technical Terminology (Exam 2) (11 decks)

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