Urology: Multiple Choice & Other Questions

Question 1

How would you interpret these UA results?

Blood -
Nitrites +
Leukocytes +

Answer 1

Bacterial UTI

Question 2

What are possible differential diagnoses for these UA results?

Blood -
Nitrites -
Leukocytes +

Answer 2

• Gram + UTI:
  d/t + WBCs & - Nitrites
• Dilute sample
• STI
• Vaginitis
• Contamination with vaginal flora

Question 3

Interpretation/diagnosis and differential diagnoses for these UA results?

Blood +
Nitrites -
Leukocytes -

Answer 3

Interpretation/diagnosis: Hematuria

Differential diagnoses:
- Menstruation
- Trauma
- Kidney stone
- Cancer

Question 4

The patient with these UA results complains of frequency and urgency. List possible differential diagnoses from most to least common for this patient.

Blood -
Nitrites -
Leukocytes -

Answer 4

• Pregnancy
• Vaginitis
• STI (especially herpes)
• Vulvo-vaginal atrophy (d/t menopause)
• Dilute sample
• Overactive bladder
• Interstitial cystitis (urology diagnosis)

Question 5

Your patient has a complicated UTI. Select all clues that support the diagnosis.

1. Fever
2. Diabetes
3. Fatigue
4. Age 35
5. CVA tenderness

Answer 5

1. Fever
2. Diabetes
3. Fatigue
4. CVA tenderness

Question 6

Select all true statements about kidney function testing.

1. Dehydration decreases eGFR
2. Reduction in muscle mass with aging can reduce serum creatinine levels
3. A normal serum creatinine level may be present in a patient with decreased muscle mass and impaired renal function
4. eGFR is not a good reflection of CrCl

Answer 6

1. Dehydration decreases eGFR
2. Reduction in muscle mass with aging can reduce serum creatinine levels
3. A normal serum creatinine level may be present in a patient with decreased muscle mass and impaired renal function