Urology: Haematuria/Dr Lun: Ingunoscrotal lumps, prostate cancer

Question 1

Haemtaturia?

Hx?

Answer 1

Pain? Where? Aiteology? Trauma? Claculus? Infection? Clot? neoplasia? trauma

Question 2

Stones hx?

Can tell from end of bed - writhing cannot sit still- cannot be comfortable

How do you localize a stone? Investigations?

Answer 2

IVP

CT (vats majority)

Plain KUB

US- very poor for calculi

Question 3

Treatment of stones:

4mm < less in size

Conservative? Acute? Surgical management? read

Answer 3

Question 4

Infection in the urinary system:

Like quinolones

Question 5

Further causes:

Question 6

Common medical causes of hameturia

Answer 6

• Diabetic nephropathy
  *

Question 7

Hameturia

Answer 7

Question 8

Haematuria:

Vascular - causes of haemtaturia

Answer 8

Question 9

Haematuria: Infectious causes: think

Schisotosmiasis

Answer 9

Question 10

Hameturia: Stones: cause haematuria

Answer 10

Question 11

Haemtauria:

Neoplasia?

Harmatomas?

Answer 11

Question 12

Bladder- haemturia: malignancy / Urethral/penile cancer

Answer 12

Question 13

RCC

• types
• size >2cm

Features on xray?

Answer 13

Question 14

RCC presentation:

Classic

presentation?

Local effects?

Answer 14

Question 15

RCC- big ones likely to cause paraneoplastic syndome

Answer 15

Question 16

RCC survival: Poor onces any spread

management?

RCC investigations? Explain-

Answer 16

Question 17

Prostatic carcinoma:

Answer 17

• Grows slowly
• many men will die of unrelated causes
• second only to lung cancer in males
• 20 000 diagnosed a year

Question 18

Prostate: zones-

anatomy- transition zone - can grow

Answer 18

Question 19

Androgen receptors in prostate cancer:

Plays an important role in management

Answer 19

Question 20

Risk factors: For prostate cancer

Answer 20

Question 21

Natural history of prostate cancer:

Symptoms? List 6

Answer 21

No real symptoms!!! mostly asymptomatic

Question 22

To screen: Who should it be offered to? Informed consent? Age group that should benefit?

Answer 22

Question 23

Screening take home message:

Answer 23

Question 24

Diagnosis: of Prostate cancer:

Investigations? PSA+DRE+ TRUS biopsy (brutal and basic)

Answer 24

Question 25

Prostate staging: CT abdo/

MRI!!!!!

Answer 25

• MRI
• PSMA

Question 26

What is a PIRADs scoring?

Answer 26

Question 27

Diagnostic tools:

Question 28

Types of therapy:

Answer 28

surgery, chemno, radiation

Question 29

Watchful waiting: What should that include?

Answer 29

• Regular PSA-
• Regular imaging?
  *

Question 30

Surgery: Complications?

Answer 30

• Risk of imcompetence
• Risk of incontinence
• Risk of strictures
• Prostatic Knicks:

Question 31

Complications: Incontinence

Answer 31

Impotentence, strictures,

Question 32

Radiotherapy:

Answer 32

Question 33

Brachytherapy: criteria?

Answer 33

radioactive pellets in prostate - left behind

Question 34

Brachytherapy: Advantages

Answer 34

Question 35

Brachytherapy: Side effects?

Answer 35

Question 36

Brachytherapy- Disadvantages?

Answer 36

Question 37

BPH: Symptoms?

What is IPSS Questionaire?

Answer 37

Question 38

BPH

Answer 38

Question 39

BPH- DDx? Think outflow obstruction

Answer 39

Question 40

BPH management:

Answer 40

TURP bipolar gold standard

Plenty of different surgeries:

Medications- many-

Question 41

contraindications to minimally invasive BPH surgery

Answer 41

Question 42

Scrotal lumps: