Urology Diagnostic Testing Flashcards
Symptoms of deficiency of this hormone include decreased libido, energy, muscle mass, body hair
testosterone
Single most important diagnostic test for male hypogonadism
testosterone
Normal range for testosterone
300-800 ng/dL
When should testosterone levels be tested?
8AM
Testosterone low and LH and FSH high
primary hypogonadism
Testosterone low and LH and FSH low
secondary hypogonadism
Indirect measurement of prostate glandular size in men without cancer
PSA
Medications that reduce PSA
5-alpha reductase inhibitors, NSAIDs, Statins, thiazides
what is important to follow when using PSA values to assess for prostate cancer?
the trend-how much has the PSA increased over the last year
A higher value indicates greater likelihood of cancer.
It is not considered to be as specific as PSA Velocity or Free/Total PSA (not useful)
PSA density
What happens to the percentage of free PSA and total PSA in men with prostate cancer?
free PSA decreases and total PSA increases
When should you talk to patients about prostate cancer if they’re at an average risk?
age 50 if they’re expected to live another 10 yrs
When should you talk to patients about prostate cancer if they have more than one 1st degree releative who had prostate cancer?
age 40
Remains the mainstay in investigating male fertility potential
semen analysis
What are patient instructions for semen analysis?
abstain from coitus 2-3 days and analyze within 1 hr
How is the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis made?
analyzing specimens obtained following prostatic massage (four-glass test)
What should not be used to diagnosis a UTI?
urinary bags or bed pans
How is a reliable sample obtained to diagnosis UTI in infants?
catheterization or suprapubic aspiration
What is the traditional gold standard for a positive urine culture of bacteriuria?
> 100,000 cfu/mL of urine
Diagnostic test for bladder cancer
cystoscopy
Studies used to assess how well the bladder and urethra are functioning: Sphincter control and Bladder filling/emptying
urodynamic assessment
Screening tool for patients with suspected bladder outlet obstruction. Reserved for patients with severe symptoms where invasive therapy is considered—done by urologist
uroflowmetry
Graphic display of vesical pressure. Used to asses detrusor activity, sensation, capacity and compliance
cystometrogram
Used to asses total stone burden, composition, and location of stones.
KUB
Why might a KUB miss 15% of stones?
Pure uric acid, indinavir-induced, and cystine calculi are relatively radiolucent on plain radiography
Type of swab preferred to check for chlamydia in men
urine or urethral swab
test for males with suspected urethritis due to gonorrhea
Microscopy with Gram stain of a urethral swab
