Hernias

Question 1

most common general surgical procedure

Answer 1

inguinal hernia repair

Question 2

Difference in the epidemiology of inguinal and femoral hernias

Answer 2

inguinals are more common men and femoral are more common in women

Question 3

Contributes to the formation or worsening of a hernia

Answer 3

any condition that increases the pressure of the abdominal cavity

Question 4

Patient presents with a new lump in groin/abdomen that aches but isn’t tender to touch. Lump increases in size when standing. May be pushed back into the abdomen

Answer 4

reducible hernia

Question 5

Patient presents with painful enlargement of hernia that can’t be returned to abdominal cavity. nausea and vomiting

Answer 5

irreducible hernia

Question 6

Irreducible hernia where the entrapped intestine has its blood supply cut off. Patients may appear ill with or without fever

Answer 6

strangulated hernia

Question 7

refers to trapping of the hernia ( at the internal or external ring or the femoral canal), so that it cannot be reduced

Answer 7

incarceration

Question 8

What is the difference in origin between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?

Answer 8

indirect hernias originate lateral to the inferior epigastric artery whereas direct hernias arise medially

Question 9

arise due to defective obliteration of the fetal processus vaginalis, which follows the path through the inferior anterior abdominal wall

Answer 9

indirect inguinal hernias

Question 10

Which side do indirect inguinal hernias develop on more frequently?

Answer 10

the right

Question 11

Inguinal hernias develop at the internal ring. In males this is the site where the spermatic cord exits the abdomen. What exits in females?

Answer 11

the round ligament

Question 12

What do direct inguinal hernias occur through?

Answer 12

Hesselbach’s triangle

Question 13

What forms Hesselbach’s triangle?

Answer 13

inguinal ligament, epigastric vessels, rectus abdominus muscle

Question 14

Develop in the empty space at the medial aspect of the femoral canal.

Answer 14

femoral hernias

Question 15

Where are the femoral nerve, artery, and vein located in relation to the empty space in the femoral canal where hernias develop?

Answer 15

lateral

Question 16

Risk factors that contribute to formation of femoral hernias

Answer 16

pectineus muscle atrophy, prior inguinal hernia, weakness of pelvic floor muscles from previous childbirth

Question 17

Cause of pain related to femoral hernias

Answer 17

stretching of ilioinguinal nerve

Question 18

What position is it usually easier to demonstrate a hernia?

Answer 18

standing

Question 19

Definitive treatment for all hernias

Answer 19

surgical repair

Question 20

When is the risk of incarceration the greatest?

Answer 20

soon after hernia manifests

Question 21

How does the likelihood of incarceration relate to the size of a hernia?

Answer 21

likelihood of incarceration also decreases as the hernia increases in size since it is less likely that intestinal or visceral contents will become caught within a large sac