Urology anatomy

Question 1

Innervation of detrusor muscle?

Answer 1

Parasympathetic fibres innervate detrusor contraction via S2, S3, S4

Question 2

When does the internal urethral sphincter muscle contract and what controls this?

Answer 2

Ejaculation; sympathetic fibres

Question 3

Which muscles are contracted voluntarily in the voluntary control of micturition?

Answer 3

External urethral sphincter (pudendal nerve)
Levator ani (nerve to levator ani)

Question 4

Dull acheing pain in the posterior flank

Answer 4

Kidney pain

Question 5

Colickly loin to groin pain

Answer 5

Ureteric obstruction

Question 6

Subrapubic pain

Answer 6

Bladder pain

Question 7

Sharp pain within the perineum

Answer 7

Distal urethral pain

Question 8

Where is pain from the testes felt?

Answer 8

In scrotum; groin; anterior lower abdomen

Question 9

How is micturition voluntary controlled?

Answer 9

Bladder stretch reflex is suppressed when not appropriate to micturate;

Voluntary contraction of the external urethral sphincter and levator ani

when appropriate, cerebral inhibition is lifted

Question 10

Which muscles act during micturition and what nerve modalities are responsible?

Answer 10

Contraction of destrusor (parasymp)

Internal sphincter in males relaxes (parasymp)

External sphincter and levator ani relax (voluntary relaxation- pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani)

Abdominal wall muscles contract (somatic motor fibres)

Question 11

What is the route of the ureters in the pelvis?

Answer 11

Arise from the renal pelvis;

Run along the lateral walls of the pelvis;

Run anteriorly over the common iliac prior to it’s bifurcation;

Enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

Question 12

Most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity?

Answer 12

The rectovesicle pouch

Question 13

The most infeiror part of the female peritoneal cavity?

Answer 13

Rectouterine pouch- pouch of douglas

Question 14

Blood supply of the bladder?

Answer 14

Vesical arteries (branches of the internal iliac)

Question 15

Blood supply of the prostate?

Answer 15

Prostatic arteries; branches of the vesical arteries

Question 16

Normal position of the uterus in relation to the bladder?

Answer 16

Anteflexed, lying superior

Question 17

Outline the path of sperm from the testis to the urethra? (5)

Answer 17

Enters vas deferens, which enters the abdomen at the inguinal canal

VD joins with duct from seminal gland and becomes ejaculatory duct;

Ejaculatory duct joins the prostatic urethra;

Prostatic urethra enters the spongy urethra within the corpus spongiosum

Question 18

Components of the spermatic cord? (5)

Answer 18

Testicular artery
Testicular vein
Vas deferens
Nerves
Lymphatic vessels

Question 19

Position of the testis within the scrotum?

Answer 19

Covered in visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

Question 20

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 20

Excess fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

Question 21

What are the testis and epididymis attached to?

Answer 21

The spermatic cord

Question 22

Venous drainage of the testis?

Answer 22

Pampiniform plexus –> testicular vein

Question 23

Where do the right and left testicular arteries arise from?

Answer 23

The abdominal aorta

Question 24

The inferior aspect of the prostate is in contact with..?

Answer 24

Levator ani, the main pelvic floor muscle

Question 25

Blood supply to the penis?

Answer 25

Deep arteries of the penis (branches from the internal pudendal)

Question 26

Blood supply to the scrotum?

Answer 26

Internal pudendal and branches from the external iliac