Bladder cancer

Question 1

Schistosoma infection is closely linked to risk of developing which cancer?

Answer 1

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Question 2

Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma? (4)

Answer 2

Smoking
Exposure to dyes in printing and textile industries
Rubber manufacture
Cyclophosphamide

Question 3

Presenting feature of bladder cancers?

Answer 3

Painless haematuria which is frank in 80-90%

Question 4

Other possible features of bladder cancer?

Answer 4

Outflow obstructive symptoms

Cystitis symptoms

Question 5

Haematuria throughout urination suggests…

Answer 5

Bladder/renal cause

Question 6

Haematuria at initiation of urination suggests…

Answer 6

Prostate/urethral cause

Question 7

Investigation of suspected bladder cancer

Answer 7

Dipstick and MSSU
FBC
Renal function tests
Cystoscopy + biopsy

Question 8

Staging investigation for bladder tumour?

Answer 8

CT chest abdo pelvis

Question 9

Standard therapy for solitary Ta and t1 tumours? (non-invasive)

Answer 9

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT)

Question 10

Which intervention reduces recurrence after TURBT?

Answer 10

Intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C

Question 11

How are papillary tumours co-existing with carcinoma in situ treated?

Answer 11

Immunotherapy- intravesical BCG