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GUM and urology > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

How would you assess LUTS?

A

IPSS score

frequency volume chart

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2
Q

What are some urological emergencies?

A 
testicular torsion 
uro-sepsis 
ureteric colic 
acute retention 
high pressure chronic retention 
haematuria 
trauma to urinary tract 
paraphimosis
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3
Q

What are some symptoms of kidney stones?

A 
loin to groin pain 
haematuria 
UTIs 
HORRIBLE pain 
nausea and vomiting 
rapid onset of symptoms
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4
Q

How would you test for kidney stones?

A

non contrast CT
US if pregnant
Bloods - U&E, calcium, uric acid (exclude sepsis)

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5
Q

What is the treatment of kidney stones?

A 
analgesia!!
antiemetic
IV antibiotics 
oxygen 
small (<5mm) - alpha blockers 
large (>1cm) need intervention
- extracorporeal shock wave, ureterscopy, endoscopic
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6
Q

What is the prophylaxis of kidney stones?

A 
large volume of fluids 
weight loss
exercise 
soft water 
citrus 
reduce animal protein
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7
Q

What are some symptoms of UTI?

A 
frequency
pain
haemturia 
foul smelling 
urgency 
incontinence 
loin pain 
fever 
nausea, vomiting 
confusion
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8
Q

How would you treat recurrent UTI?

A

lifestyle
antibiotic prophylaxis - continuous, symptomatic, post coital
USS kidneys, flexible cystoscopy
eostrogen status of post menopausal women

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9
Q

What are some presentations of testicular cancer?

A

painless/painful testis lump
dyspnoea (lung mets)
abdominal mass

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10
Q

What test do you need to do for haematuria and what are you looking to rule out?

A

CTIVU to rule out renal and bladder cancer

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11
Q

How do you treat renal cancer?

A

surgical excision

nephrectomy

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12
Q

How do you treat bladder cancer?

A

TURBT - transurertral resection of bladder tumour
non-invasive - resection +/- chemo
radical radiotherapy

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13
Q

Where does prostate cancer commonly spread to?

A

bone

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14
Q

What are some treatment options for prostate cancer?

A 
radical prostatectomy
radiotherapy - EBRT, brachytherapy 
androgen deprivation therapy 
active surveillance 
watch and wait
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15
Q

What are some risk factors for penile cancer?

A 
HPV
phimosis
genital warts 
many partners 
HIV 
smoking 
penile injury
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16
Q

What are some differentials of groin lump?

A

inguinal and femoral hernias
lymphadenopathy
vascular abnormalities (e.g. femoral artery aneurysm, infected injection site)
Penis poblems

17
Q

What are some differentials of testicular pain?

A

tortion or trauma to testis
epididymo-orchitis
referred pain from renal colic

18
Q

What are some causes of urinary frequency or nocturia?

A 
UTI 
prostatic hypertrophy 
DM 
renal failure 
cardiac failure 
drug related (e.g. diuretics, caffeine, alcohol)
diabetes insipidus 
compulsive water drinking
19
Q

What are some causes of urinary retention?

A 
BPH 
prostate cancer
neuro - MS, prolapsed disc
post-op
drug related
blocked catheter
20
Q

What are some causes of dysuria?

A

UTI
urethritis
prostatitis
structural abnormalities of urinary tract (children)

21
Q

What are some causes of haematuria?

A 
renal calculi 
UTI 
urinary tract malignancy 
glomeulonephritis 
bleeding disorders 
rhabdomyolysis
22
Q

What are some differentials of testicular or scrotal swelling?

A 
inguinal hernias 
hydrocele 
epididymo-orchitis 
incompletely descened testis 
varicoele 
epidiymal cyst
testicular tumours 
torsion of testis
23
Q

What are some causes of urinary incontinence?

A 
prostatic hypertrophy 
stress incontinence 
urge incontinence 
UTI
neurological - MS, dementia, confusion in elderly
24
Q

What are some causes of vaginal discharge?

A 
candidiasis
chlamydia
trichomonas
gonococcus 
syphilis
25
Q

Where does prostate cancer commonly metastasis to?

A

bone

26
Q

What are treatment options for prostate cancer?

A

radio for metastasis
androgen deprivation therapy
chemo

27
Q

What are some common SE of androgen deprivation therapy?

A

hot flushes, fatigue, erectile dysfunction

28
Q

What is LHRH agoinst?

A

androgen deprivation therapy - reduces testosterone by acting on anterior pituitary

GUM and urology (4 decks)

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