Urology Flashcards
1
Q
What are risk factors for urologic (bladder) malignancy? (10)
A
- Smoking (current or past)
- > 35 years old
- occupational exposure (chemicals, dyes)
- analgesic abuse
- chronic urologic disorder or disease
- chronic indwelling FB/catheter
- chemotherapy or carcinogenic exposure
- gross hematuria
- irritating voiding symptoms
- pelvic irradiaton
2
Q
When does microscopic hematuria require a workup? Gross hematuria?
A
Microscopic – if no benign cause identified
Macroscopic - more or less always
3
Q
What work up is involved for hematuria?
A
1) Renal function - Cr, BUN, EGGS
2) Imaging - CT/MR typography (+/- renal and pelvic U/S)
3) If > 35/<35 + RFs - cystoscopy
4
Q
What can cause urine to appear red in colour other than blood? (11)
A
Beets; Berries; Rhubarb; Iodine; Bromide; Red Food Colouring; Phenazopyridine; Rifampin; Nitrofuratoin; Chloroquine; Hydroxychloroquinine
5
Q
DDx of Hematuria? (12)
A
Malignancy AAA Infection Trauma Renal Calculi Supratherapeutic anticoagulation (e.g. high INR warfarin) Intense exercise (transient) Menstrauation Endometriosis of the Urinary Tract Sexual Activity BPH (Increased vascularity but not relative risk) Iatrogenic (recent urologic procedure -- note that a Cath is typically not enough to cause >= 3 RBCs/hpf I.e. microscopic hematuria)
