urology Flashcards
parts of kidney
cortex
minor + major calyx => ureter
medulla
renal artery + vein
renal blood supply
renal artery => segmental arteries => interlobar => arcuate => interlobular => afferent arteriole => glomerulus
efferent arteriole => peritubular capillaries => interlobular vein => arcuate => interlobar => renal
Detrusor
contracts to build pressure in the urinary bladder to support urination
Trigone
stretching => signals brain about need for urination
internal vs external sphincter of bladder
int = involuntary => SM
ext = voluntary => striated
PCT cells
lots of mito => transport of water, salts, glucose, ions, bicarbonates
loop of henle - thick vs thin
thin (desc+asc) => low mito => passive absorption of h20 + nacl
thick (asc only) => mito rich => active salt absorption
DCT
mito rich
active reabsorption of salt and ions
CD cells
intercalated = mito rich
principal cells = not
superficial vs juxtamedullary nephron
superficial => BC towards outer cortex + short LOH (til outer medulla) => more
JM => BC towards cortex/medulla border + long LOH (til inner medulla) => less
macula densa
in dct
GFR regulation via tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism
jxtaglomerular cells
afferent arteriole
renin secretion for regulating BP
how is glomerular filtration passive
fluid ‘driven’ through semipermeable glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule space by hydrostatic pressure of the heart
g-filtration barrier
size and charge dependent
highly permeable to fluids + small solutes
impermeable to cells + proteins
what can pass through fenestrae
water, ions and small proteins