urology

Question 1

a 36-year old woman who has recently given birth to her third child is discussing her embarrassment at finding that she sometimes loses control of her bladder.

which one of the following statements regarding types of urinary incontinence is not correct?
a)involuntary passage of urine during sleep is a classic example of insensible incontinence
b)passage of urine during coitus is a recognised form of incontinence
c)postural incontinence involves involuntary passage of urine witha change in body position
d)stress incontinence involves involuntary passage of urine, e.g. with physical exertion, coughing or sneezing

Answer 1

involuntary passage of urine during sleep is a classic example of insensible incontinence

Question 2

which one of the following physical problems does not fit with the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome?
a)nocturia
b)urinary tract infection
c)urgency
d)frequency

Answer 2

urinary tract infection

Question 3

which one of the following statements regarding bladder training is NOT correct?
a)bladder training improves cortical facilitation over urethral closure during bladder filling
b) bladder training involves behaviour change through awareness of incontinence-causing situations
c) the pelvic floor is responsible to training because it is made up of smooth muscle
d) there is improved central modulation of afferent sensory impulses.

Answer 3

the pelvic floor is responsible to training because it is made up of smooth muscle

Question 4

which one of the following statements regarding electrostimulation therapy is not correct?
a)the patient becomes aware of the need to contract teh pelvic floor during urgency
b)detrusor contraction is stimulated
c)the treatment increases the strength of the pelvic floor musculature
d)the intensity of the electrostimulation must be monitored so as to be below the pain threshold

Answer 4

detrusor contraction is stimulated