Urology

Question 1

<p>Fournier's gangrene pathogens</p>

Answer 1

<p>E coli</p>

<p>Bacteroides</p>

Question 2

<p>Fourniers gangrene vs nec fascitis</p>

Answer 2

<p>Fourniersis nec fas affecting perinieum</p>

Question 3

<p>Bulbar urethra rupture mechanism</p>

Answer 3

<p>Straddle type injury eg bike</p>

Question 4

<p>Bulbar urethra rupture sx</p>

Answer 4

<p>Triad:</p>

<p>- perineal haematoma</p>

<p>- urinary retension</p>

<p>- blood at meatus</p>

Question 5

<p>Cause of membranous urethral rupture</p>

Answer 5

<p>Pelvic fracture</p>

<p></p>

Question 6

<p>Sx of membranous urethral rupture</p>

Answer 6

<p>Perineal haematoma<br></br>

| High prostate on PR</p>

Question 7

<p>Ix for urethral rupture</p>

Answer 7

<p>ascending urogram</p>

Question 8

<p>Mx of urethral rupture</p>

Answer 8

<p>Surgical suprapubic catheter</p>

Question 9

<p>Where does urine collect as a result of injury to membranobulbar urethral junction</p>

Answer 9

<p>Anteriorly into scrotal tissue (fascial condensation prevents posterior/lateral spread)</p>

Question 10

<p>Penile fracture mx</p>

Answer 10

<p>Immediate surgery:</p>

<p>Fracture sutured and urethra repaired over a catheter</p>

Question 11

<p>Renal artery thrombosis post transplant presentation</p>

Answer 11

<p>Sudden loss of urine output</p>

Question 12

<p>Renal artery thrombosis post-transplant mx</p>

Answer 12

<p>Thrombectomy within 1 hr (ideally within 30 mins)</p>

Question 13

<p>Renal artery stenosis presentation post-transplant</p>

Answer 13

<p>Over several months,</p>

<p>HTN</p>

<p>Slight deterioration of renal function</p>

Question 14

<p>Renal artery stenosis mx</p>

Answer 14

<p>Stent</p>

Question 15

<p>Treatment of hydrocele in adults</p>

Answer 15

<p>Lords or Jaboulay operation via scrotal approach</p>

Question 16

<p>Treatment of hydrocele through in children</p>

Answer 16

<p>Ligation of patent processus vaginalis through an inguinal approach</p>

Question 17

<p>Renal stone that is inherited</p>

Answer 17

<p>Cysteine</p>

<p>Autosomal recessive</p>

<p>Disorder of transmembrane cystine transport leading to reduced absorption</p>

Question 18

<p>Proteus UTI risk</p>

Answer 18

<p>Struvite stone formation</p>

Question 19

<p>Urine acidity with urate stones</p>

Answer 19

<p>acidity</p>

Question 20

<p>Urine acidity with struvite stone</p>

Answer 20

<p>Alkaline</p>

Question 21

<p>Which stones can you see on x ray</p>

Answer 21

<p>Calcium phosphate (most Radiodense)</p>

<p>Calcium oxalate (Radiodense)</p>

<p>Struvite (Slightly Radiodense)</p>

<p>Cystine (Relatively Radiodense)</p>

<p>Uric acid (Radiolucent)</p>

<p></p>

Question 22

<p>Renal stone size and mx options</p>

Answer 22

Question 23

<p>Ureteric stone size and mx options</p>

Answer 23

Question 24

<p>In which patients would you not do watchful waiting for renal stones</p>

Answer 24

<p>Ureteric obstruction</p>

<p>Prvs abnormality eg horseshoe</p>

<p>Prvs renal trasnplant</p>

Question 25

<p>Treatment for infected ureteric obstruction</p>

Answer 25

<p>Nephrostomy tube</p>

<p>or</p>

<p>Ureteric stent via cystoscopy (retrograde)</p>

Question 26

<p>Shockwave lithotripsy contraindications</p>

Answer 26

<p>Pregnant</p>

<p>Significant vessel calcification</p>

Question 27

<p>Phimosis def</p>

Answer 27

<p>Inability to retract the foreskin</p>

Question 28

<p>Paraphimosis def</p>

Answer 28

<p>Prolonged retraction of the foreskin proximal to glans leads to oedema and inability to retract foreskin</p>

Question 29

<p>Paraphimosis treatment</p>

Answer 29

<p>Compression of glans to reduce oedema</p>

<p>If not, dorsal slit followed by delayed circumcision</p>

Question 30

<p>By what age does foreskin allow complete retraction</p>

Answer 30

<p>16</p>

Question 31

<p>How is cremasteric reflex different in torsion of testis and torsion of testicular hydatid</p>

Answer 31

<p>Cremasteric reflex is preserved in torsion of the appendage</p>

<p>But lost in torsion of the testis</p>