Urology

Question 1

<p>Fournier's gangrene pathogens</p>

Answer 1

<p>E coli</p>

<p>Bacteroides</p>

Question 2

<p>Fourniers gangrene vs nec fascitis</p>

Answer 2

<p>Fourniersis nec fas affecting perinieum</p>

Question 3

<p>Bulbar urethra rupture mechanism</p>

Answer 3

<p>Straddle type injury eg bike</p>

Question 4

<p>Bulbar urethra rupture sx</p>

Answer 4

<p>Triad:</p>

<p>- perineal haematoma</p>

<p>- urinary retension</p>

<p>- blood at meatus</p>

Question 5

<p>Cause of membranous urethral rupture</p>

Answer 5

<p>Pelvic fracture</p>

<p></p>

Question 6

<p>Sx of membranous urethral rupture</p>

Answer 6

<p>Perineal haematoma<br></br>

| High prostate on PR</p>

Question 7

<p>Ix for urethral rupture</p>

Answer 7

<p>ascending urogram</p>

Question 8

<p>Mx of urethral rupture</p>

Answer 8

<p>Surgical suprapubic catheter</p>

Question 9

<p>Where does urine collect as a result of injury to membranobulbar urethral junction</p>

Answer 9

<p>Anteriorly into scrotal tissue (fascial condensation prevents posterior/lateral spread)</p>

Question 10

<p>Penile fracture mx</p>

Answer 10

<p>Immediate surgery:</p>

<p>Fracture sutured and urethra repaired over a catheter</p>

Question 11

<p>Renal artery thrombosis post transplant presentation</p>

Answer 11

<p>Sudden loss of urine output</p>

Question 12

<p>Renal artery thrombosis post-transplant mx</p>

Answer 12

<p>Thrombectomy within 1 hr (ideally within 30 mins)</p>

Question 13

<p>Renal artery stenosis presentation post-transplant</p>

Answer 13

<p>Over several months,</p>

<p>HTN</p>

<p>Slight deterioration of renal function</p>

Question 14

<p>Renal artery stenosis mx</p>

Answer 14

<p>Stent</p>

Question 15

<p>Treatment of hydrocele in adults</p>

Answer 15

<p>Lords or Jaboulay operation via scrotal approach</p>

Question 16

<p>Treatment of hydrocele through in children</p>

Answer 16

<p>Ligation of patent processus vaginalis through an inguinal approach</p>

Question 17

<p>Renal stone that is inherited</p>

Answer 17

<p>Cysteine</p>

<p>Autosomal recessive</p>

<p>Disorder of transmembrane cystine transport leading to reduced absorption</p>

Question 18

<p>Proteus UTI risk</p>

Answer 18

<p>Struvite stone formation</p>

Question 19

<p>Urine acidity with urate stones</p>

Answer 19

<p>acidity</p>

Question 20

<p>Urine acidity with struvite stone</p>

Answer 20

<p>Alkaline</p>

Question 21

<p>Which stones can you see on x ray</p>

Answer 21

<p>Calcium phosphate (most Radiodense)</p>

<p>Calcium oxalate (Radiodense)</p>

<p>Struvite (Slightly Radiodense)</p>

<p>Cystine (Relatively Radiodense)</p>

<p>Uric acid (Radiolucent)</p>

<p></p>

Question 22

<p>Renal stone size and mx options</p>

Answer 22

Question 23

<p>Ureteric stone size and mx options</p>

Answer 23

Question 24

<p>In which patients would you not do watchful waiting for renal stones</p>

Answer 24

<p>Ureteric obstruction</p>

<p>Prvs abnormality eg horseshoe</p>

<p>Prvs renal trasnplant</p>

Question 25

Treatment for infected ureteric obstruction

Answer 25

Nephrostomy tube 

or

Ureteric stent via cystoscopy (retrograde)

Question 26

Shockwave lithotripsy contraindications 

Answer 26

Pregnant 

Significant vessel calcification

Question 27

Phimosis def

Answer 27

Inability to retract the foreskin 

Question 28

Paraphimosis def

Answer 28

Prolonged retraction of the foreskin proximal to glans leads to oedema and inability to retract foreskin

Question 29

Paraphimosis treatment

Answer 29

Compression of glans to reduce oedema 

If not, dorsal slit followed by delayed circumcision 

Question 30

By what age does foreskin allow complete retraction 

Answer 30

16

Question 31

How is cremasteric reflex different in torsion of testis and torsion of testicular hydatid

Answer 31

Cremasteric reflex is preserved in torsion of the appendage 

But lost in torsion of the testis